SSUSH11

How did the growth of the railroad industry lead to the growth of stock markets in the United States?

• A. The railroad industry led to the expansion of other industries such as steel and coal. These industries required large capital investments that could best be obtained through the stock market.

• B. The railroad industry led to the rapid growth of cities on the nation's coasts. These coastal cities developed independent stock markets to raise capital in order to expand their infrastructure.

• C. The railroad industry was decentralized and controlled by many small investors. These investors were not independently wealthy and needed to raise capital through the sale of stock in order to further expand.

• D. The railroad industry was decimated by the Civil War and was on the verge of collapse. The federal government organized stock markets in order to help railroads raise capital so that the nation could start to rebuild.

What led to the rapid growth of the railroad industry in the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century?

• A. the development of the Bessemer steel-making process

• B. the discovery of coal deposits in West Virginia

• C. the development of the creosote wood-treatment process

• D. the discovery of oil in the American Southwest

Which of the following BEST describes the contribution of railroads to the economic development of the United States?

• A. lowered costs of shipping in the United States

• B. allowed more immigrants to enter the country

• C. enabled trade to most parts of the country

• D. provided good investment opportunities

Which of the following BEST describes what occurred during the Industrial Revolution that helped people migrating west open and operate successful businesses?

• A. the development of large cities in the region, which allowed businesses to pay workers very low wages because of the high level of competition for jobs at their factories

• B. the establishment of a trade agreement between the government and Mexico, which allowed Mexico to purchase products from these new businesses for low prices

• C. the establishment of peace treaties between the government and American Indian tribes, which prevented any conflict that could harm the new businesses

• D. the development of railroads and canals, which could be used to ship products to Northern and Southern states, and to ship important farm

John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company achieved financial success by

• A. promoting a diverse working environment by hiring large numbers of African Americans and women.

• B. building factories outside of the United States to take advantage of less restrictive labor laws.

• C. controlling all aspects of production, from the acquisition of raw materials to the sale of finished products.

• D. attracting government investment by producing a good that was essential to the economy of the United States.

Which Scottish immigrant became a billionaire during the Second Industrial Revolution by introducing the Bessemer process to massproduce steel and vertically integrating the steel industry?

• A. Andrew Carnegie

• B. Cornelius Vanderbilt

• C. Henry Clay Frick

• D. John Jacob Astor

In the late nineteenth century, corporate mergers and the creation of holding trusts and companies led to which of the following?

• A. increasingly diversified markets

• B. the development of monopolies

• C. more small businesses

• D. less international trade

By entering into trust agreements, Standard Oil accomplished which of the following by the 1880s?

• A. The company managed to gain control of all but ten percent of the oil refining business.

• B. The company was recognized by the federal government as the first legal monopoly.

• C. The company became the first publicly traded corporation in the United States.

• D. The company prevented the federal government from regulating the oil transportation industry

How did the invention of the railroad MOST LIKELY lead to a boom in cattle ranching?

• A. It became less expensive for workers to travel to work on cattle ranches because they could take trains.

• B. The price of land in the West plummeted, so ranchers were able to buy huge tracts of land for grazing cattle.

• C. It became cheaper to transport cows nationwide, so meat was more affordable and demand increased.

• D. Land used to graze horses began to be used for cattle as horses became less important for transportation.

What industry was hurt the most by the spread of electricity and electric lighting?

• B. the railroad industry

• C. the telegraph industry

• D. the natural gas industry