Which orbital shapes are possible under the force of gravity?

Ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas

Ellipses, spirals, and parabolas

Which of the following describes a velocity (as opposed to a speed)?

20 kilometers per hour, headed north

Which of the following best describes the origin of ocean tides on Earth?

Tides are caused by the difference in the force of gravity exerted by the Moon across the sphere of the Earth.

Tides are caused on the side of the Earth nearest the Moon because the Moon's gravity attracts the water.

Tides are caused by the 23.5-degree tilt of the Earth's rotational axis to the ecliptic plane.

The Moon's gravity pulls harder on water than on land because water is less dense than rock.

The source of energy that powers the Sun is ________.

mass energy released by nuclear fusion

chemical potential energy of hydrogen

thermal energy of the hydrogen atoms in the Sun

kinetic energy of the orbital motion of the Sun

Consider Newton's second law states, often written as force = mass × acceleration. If a known force is applied to an object with a known mass, what does this law predict for the object's acceleration?

Newton's second law is irrelevant for solving this problem.

How does a rocket launch upward? Choose the statement that correctly answers the question.

By expelling gas downward, the rocket is propelled upward.

How does an asteroid's orbital angular momentum vary over its orbit?

Its angular momentum is the same throughout its orbit.

Its angular momentum is greatest when it is closest to the Sun.

Its angular momentum is greatest when it is farthest from the Sun.

When a spinning ice skater pulls in his arms, he spins faster because ________.

his angular momentum must be conserved

there is less friction with the air

there is less friction with the ice

there exists an unbalanced reaction force

Radiative energy is ________.

energy from nuclear power plants

Which of the following statements is not one of Newton's Laws of Motion?

For any force, there always is an equal and opposite reaction force.

In the absence of a net force acting on it, an object moves with constant velocity.

The rate of change of momentum of an object is equal to the net force applied to the object.

Which statement must be true for a rocket to travel from Earth to another planet?

It must attain escape velocity from Earth.

It must carry a lot of extra fuel.

It must be launched from space, rather than from the ground.

The gravitational potential energy of a contracting interstellar cloud ________.

gradually transforms into other forms of energy

The Earth exerts a gravitational force on a person standing on the surface. The person also exerts a gravitational force on the Earth. Based on Newton's third law of motion, how do these two forces compare?

The forces exerted by the Earth and the person are equal in magnitude (size)

The Earth exerts a much stronger force than the person.

The person exerts a much stronger force than the Earth.

The Earth exerts a slightly stronger force than the person.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the law of conservation of energy?

Energy can change between many different forms, such as potential, kinetic, and thermal, but the total quantity of energy in the universe never changes.

The fact that you can fuse hydrogen into helium to produce energy means that helium can be turned into hydrogen to produce energy.

Energy can change between many different forms, such as potential, kinetic, and thermal, but it is ultimately destroyed.

It is not really possible for an object to gain or lose potential energy because energy cannot be destroyed.

An astronaut in space swings a ball attached to a string in a circular motion. If the string suddenly breaks, how will the ball move?

It will move in a straight line in whichever direction it was moving when the string broke.

It will continue to move in the same circular path it had been following before the string broke.

It will move toward the astronaut.

It will move in a large elliptical path around the astronaut.

the wavelength of a wave is ________.

the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave

the distance between a peak of the wave and the next trough

equal to the speed of the wave times the wave's frequency

from lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different regions of electromagnetic radiation?

radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays, radio

gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, radio

radio, x-rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays

how are wavelength, frequency, and energy related for photons of light?

longer wavelength means lower frequency and lower energy.

longer wavelength means higher frequency and lower energy.

longer wavelength means higher frequency and higher energy.

longer wavelength means lower frequency and higher energy.

an iron atom has an atomic number of 26 and an atomic mass number of 56. If it is neutral, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?

26 protons, 30 neutrons, 26 electrons

26 protons, 30 neutrons, 30 electrons

26 protons, 56 neutrons, 26 electrons

13 protons, 56 neutrons, 13 electrons

which statement correctly describes units that can be used to measure energy and power?

energy is measured in joules and power is measured in watts (joules per second).

energy and power are both measured in units of joules.

energy and power are both measured in units of watts.

energy is measured in watts and power is measured in watts per second.

what do we see when white light passes through a cool cloud of gas?

a continuum (rainbow) of visible light

when an electron drops to a lower energy level in an atom, but no other interactions take place ________.

the atom must emit a photon of light of a specific wavelength

the total energy of the atom remains unchanged

the atom must slow its speed moving through space

the atom must increase its speed moving through space

thermal radiation is defined as ________.

radiation that depends only on the emitting object's temperature

radiation produced by a hot object

radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum

radiation in the form of emission lines from an object

from laboratory measurements, we know that a particular spectral line formed by hydrogen appears at a wavelength of 121.6 nanometers (nm). the spectrum of a particular star shows the same hydrogen line appearing at a wavelength of 121.8 nm. what can we conclude?

the star is moving away from us.

which of the following could not be determined by an observation that only uses spectroscopy?

the angular size of a distant galaxy

the chemical composition of a distant star

the surface temperature of a distant star

the speed at which a distant galaxy is moving away from us

how do the light-collecting area and best possible angular resolution of telescope with a 10-meter diameter mirror compare to that of a telescope with a 5-meter diameter mirror?

the 10-meter telescope has 4 times the light collecting area, and its angular resolution is better by a factor of 2.

the 10-meter telescope has double the light collecting area, and its angular resolution is better by a factor of 2.

the 10-meter telescope has 4 times the light collecting area, and its angular resolution is better by a factor of 4.

the 10-meter telescope has 10 times the light collecting area, and its angular resolution is better by a factor of 5.

what causes stars to twinkle?

moving gases in Earth's atmosphere randomly bend light rays from stars.

stars constantly vary in brightness as they expand and contract.

interstellar gas along the line of sight to the star absorbs different amounts of radiation.

the human eye has difficulty seeing faint objects.

why are astronomers interested in building observatories capable of detecting neutrinos, cosmic rays, and gravitational waves?

these things are not forms of light, and therefore can provide different types of information than light about objects that emit them.

these things are the highest energy forms of light, even more energetic than gamma rays, and therefore can tell us about explosive processes in the universe.

these things should in principle be much easier to detect than light, which means we could build these observatories cheaply.

these things are emitted from the same objects that emit x-rays, but unlike x-rays they can be detected with observatories on the ground.

the angular separation of two stars is 0.1 arcseconds and you photograph them with a telescope that has an angular resolution of 1 arcsecond. What will you see?

the photo will seem to show only one star rather than two.

the two stars will appear to be touching, looking rather like a small dumbbell.

the stars will not show up at all in your photograph.

you will see two distinct stars in your photograph.

which of the following is not an advantage of the Hubble Space Telescope over ground-based telescopes?

stars do not twinkle due to an atmosphere when observed from space.

it can observe infrared and ultraviolet light, as well as visible light.

it never has to close because of cloudy skies.

Astronomy Exam 2 Review

Authored by Emilia Kozlowski

Science

University

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is an example in which you are traveling at constant speed, but not at constant velocity?

Rolling freely down a hill in a cart, traveling in a straight line

Driving around in a circle at exactly 100 km/hr

Jumping up and down exactly 60 times per minute

Driving backward at exactly 50 km/hr

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Momentum is defined as

mass times speed

mass times velocity

force times velocity

mass times acceleration

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

If your mass is 60 kilograms on Earth, what would your mass be on the Moon?

10 pounds

10 kilograms

60 kilograms

60 pounds

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Astronauts are weightless inside the International Space Station because ________.

the station and the astronauts are constantly falling toward Earth at the same rate.

the station has rockets that fire to counteract Earth's gravity.

there is no gravity in space.

the station is too far from Earth for gravity to be noticeable.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

If a net force is applied to an object, what is guaranteed to change?

The object's momentum

The object's speed

The object's mass

The object's weight

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A comet has an elliptical orbit around the Sun. Its total orbital energy is ________.

greatest when it is farthest from the Sun

greatest when it is closest to the Sun

the same throughout its orbit

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

According to the universal law of gravitation, the force due to gravity is ________.

directly proportional to the square of the distance between objects

inversely proportional to the square of the distance between objects

directly proportional to the distance between objects

inversely proportional to the distance between objects

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Astronomy Exam 2 Review

Which of the following is an example in which you are traveling at constant speed, but not at constant velocity?

Momentum is defined as

If your mass is 60 kilograms on Earth, what would your mass be on the Moon?

Astronauts are weightless inside the International Space Station because ________.

If a net force is applied to an object, what is guaranteed to change?

A comet has an elliptical orbit around the Sun. Its total orbital energy is ________.

According to the universal law of gravitation, the force due to gravity is ________.

Which orbital shapes are possible under the force of gravity?

Which of the following describes a velocity (as opposed to a speed)?

The energy attributed to an object by virtue of its motion is known as ________.

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

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