AP HUG Unit 1

Every map projection has some degree of distortion because

• The grid system is two-dimensional, where the real world is three-dimensional.

• Latitude lines are shorter than longitude lines.

• Earth is not a perfect sphere.

• Parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe.

• A curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion

1.1 The maps show residential neighborhoods in the Republic of Singapore. Which of the following individuals or organizations would be most likely to make a decision based on the spatial pattern shown on the maps?

• A government agency seeking to promote equal opportunities across ethnicities

• An environmental advocacy group seeking to protect habitats of vulnerable species

• A multinational corporation identifying a location for a new factory

• A person planning to move from a more rural area to a more urban area within Singapore

• A business analyzing demographic change over time within its market area

1.1 A straight line on a navigation map using the Mercator projection represents

•  

  travel time between an origin and a destination

• a constant compass bearing lines of latitude or longitude

• the distance from the prime meridian

•  

  the shortest distance between two points

• the distance to the international date line

1.1 The table shows the types of information collected by a store regarding customer purchases. Which of the following data could be used in a geographical information system (GIS) to increase sales?

• Number of Transactions

• Amount per transaction

• Zip Code

• Total Transaction amount

•  

  Number of Customers

1.1 The map shown above best fits which of the following map types?

•  

  Proportional symbol

• Cartogram

• Isoline

• Dot symbol

• Choropleth

1.1  Market research reports and profiles of voting districts like those shown are examples of spatial analysis products. Which of the following data sources is most frequently used to create the spatial analysis products shown in the examples?

• Tax receipts

• Utility bills

• Loan applications

• Census surveys

• School enrollment records

1.1 Which of the following is most likely to be used by a marketing firm seeking to map patterns of lifestyle characteristics in the United States reaching all local scales of analysis?

• States

• Zip Codes

• Counties

• Congressional districts

• Nonmetropolitan areas

1.1 The satellite images show changes to a portion of the Louisiana coast between 1984 and 2017. The table shows the changes in land acreage. Which of the following best describes the changes and a consequence of the changes?

• The rise of sea levels, which results in decreased land acreage available for homes and businesses.

• An increase in the acreage of coastal land, which will be added to navigational charts for shipping.

• An increase in land acreage caused by the construction of polders for land reclamation.

• A decrease in the acreage of coastal land, which affects the prices of local property.

• The expansion of coastal cities, which results in increased acreage of urban land cover.

1.1 Twenty-four specific objects transmit complex radio codes, including time signals traveling at the speed of light. You can contact at least 4 of the 24 objects at any time of day or night. The statement above refers to which of the following?

•  

  GNIS entries

•  

  GPS satellites

•  

  GIS stations

• NTMs for chart use

• TIR scanning systems

1.1  Which spatial patterns on the maps shown would be most helpful to someone selecting the location for a new coffee shop?

•  

  The map of the state of New York, because it shows where the largest cities are located.

• The map of the Borough of Manhattan, because it shows both population density and the pattern of streets.

• The map of the Borough of Manhattan, because it shows the shoreline of the island of Manhattan.

• The map of New York State, because it shows the least and most densely populated counties in the state.

• The map of New York City, because it shows which boroughs have the greatest number of people.