Chapter 1 test study guide

Which statement best explains why a land bridge formed between Asia and the Americas?

• When herds of huge Ice Age animals died off, their remains over time formed a strip of land.

• When the Ice Age ended, the higher temperatures evaporated ocean waters, exposing the land.

• When Earth’s waters formed ice during the Ice Age, the height of the oceans dropped, exposing the land.

• When herds of Ice Age animals left Asia for the Americas, they broke up so much soil that a land path was created.

Which of these practices by the Hohokam best shows how they adapted to the climate in the Southwest?

• trading for shells

• using plant material for roofs

• sharpening sticks and stone blades

• building homes partly underground

Which evidence from the text best supports the correct response to question 2?

• “With simple tools such as sharpened sticks and stone blades, they dug shallow canals that stretched for hundreds of miles.”

• “They built their houses by digging a shallow pit and covering it with a wooden frame, roofed with plant material called thatch.”

• Building underground helped to keep Hohokam houses cool during the day and warm at night.”

• “Hohokam jewelry was crafted from turquoise mined in the desert and from shells.”

“Explorers from Spain brought horses to the Americas, and some of the horses escaped. After about one hundred years, the horses had traveled up to the Great Plains. There the Lakota caught and tamed them. After another hundred years, most Native Americans on the Plains were using horses to help them hunt buffalo and move their camps. The introduction of horses completely changed the way of life for the Plains people. Before they had horses, Plains people followed the buffalo on foot. They trained dogs to pull belongings on a special sled called a hupak’in. After the introduction of horses, a person’s wealth was measured by the number of horses owned.” Besides using them to hunt buffalo, in what other important way did Plains peoples most clearly use horses?

• for food

• for clothing

• to carry goods

• for exploration

Which two statements contain details that help to explain why Eastern Woodlands peoples wore the clothing they did?

• Both men and women wore soft-soled, heelless shoes called moccasins.

• Wampum, or stringed beads made with shells, was used for trade.

• Women generally wore a top and skirt made of deerskin. They sometimes added leggings, a cape, or a robe.

• In parts of the Southeast that were hotter, men often tattooed their bodies and wore little clothing.

• Due to the colder climate, people in the Northeast would sometimes wear heavier and warmer leggings and various furs.

After the coming of the Spanish, how did the Navajo obtain most of the meat they ate?

• by raising farm animals

• by hunting animals in the desert

• by buying meat from Spanish settlers

• by joining their allies in raids on the Spanish

“The Navajo were originally hunter-gatherers but quickly adopted new techniques for surviving in the desert. In addition to learning farming from the Pueblo, the Navajo also learned from Spanish settlers when they arrived in the 1500s. They were interested in the animals the Spanish brought with them. The Navajo soon became skilled at herding sheep and cattle, as well as at riding horses.” Which sentence best supports the correct response to question 4?

• “The Navajo were originally hunter-gatherers but quickly adopted new techniques for surviving in the desert.”

• “In addition to learning farming from the Pueblo, the Navajo also learned from Spanish settlers when they arrived in the 1500s.”

• “They were interested in the animals the Spanish brought with them.”

• “The Navajo soon became skilled at herding sheep and cattle, as well as at riding horses.”

Which sentence best supports the conclusion that early Europeans in the Pacific Northwest thought highly of Chief Seattle?

• “Chief Seattle (circa 1790–1866) was the leader of the Suquamish and Duwamish people who lived in what is now northwestern Washington state.”

• “Seattle wanted to work with European settlers to coexist with the groups of Native Americans living in the area.”

• “When groups of Native Americans tried to take back their land by force, Chief Seattle protected the Europeans.”

• “The settlers later named their new city after him.”

“If a nation, part of a nation, or more than one nation within the Five Nations should in any way endeavor to destroy the Great Peace by neglect or violating its laws and resolve to dissolve the Confederacy, such a nation or such nations shall be deemed guilty of treason and called enemies of the Great Peace.” What is the meaning of the term endeavor?

• try

• join

• ruin

• name

Summarize the Hopi’s methods for growing crops and the reason they had to grow crops this way