CFA 3 REVIEW

Living in medieval towns was not easy. Many struggled to survive and were poor. Things were so destitute that if a poor person did not beg for food, they would die. Poor sanitation was also another concern. Human waste and food scraps were dumped out of windows onto streets and alleys. Seeping into streams and other waterways, this left little clean water for medieval people to drink. This led to the spread of diseases costing many their lives. ​

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What does destitute mean? 

• unsanitary 

• successful 

• desperate 

• dirty, nasty, gross

To get around, most medieval people walked. Purchasing a horse then was like purchasing a luxury automobile today. Since horses eat grains rather than grass, someone would have to also be able to afford to feed their horse after they bought it. Because of the cost of transportation, most medieval people walked everywhere. For protection from the elements, they wore wide-brimmed hats and thick cloaks to stay warm. Over their shoulders, they carried a scrip. This pouch held their possessions. When they did travel to different towns, medieval people often did so in groups because of the robbers that lingered on the roads. ​

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The word lingered mostly closely means- ​

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• roamed

• together ​

• sold ​

The bloodstream is vital and carries oxygen, disease fighting cells, and chemicals throughout the body system. Proteins within blood serve as one form of protection. When a person gets a cut, proteins within the blood clump together preventing bacteria from entering the body. Within the blood are also white and red blood cells. The white blood cells also serve as the human body’s defense. They attack potentially harmful bacteria and viruses that enter the body. In addition to preventing illness, the blood is also like a highway system. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the heart to organs. Blood travels from the heart through the arteries to veins. ​

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The author describes the bloodstream as being like a “highway system”. What does the author really mean? ​

• The red blood cells are similar to highways because they allow bacteria to move around. ​

• The bloodstream is a natural defense for the human body system and is a form of protection. ​

• The blood carries many things throughout the body. ​

• You have little cars in your body

Teeth seem pretty simple. They can add beauty and uniqueness to a person’s appearance. Even more than looks, teeth serve an important function in digestion. The varying structure and the specific number found in the human mouth are important for breaking down food into nutrients. A typical adult mouth contains 32 teeth. This includes the front incisors that act like a pair of scissors when a person bites into food. They clip off a reasonable sized chunk of food during ingestion. This food is then pushed toward the rear molars where it combines with saliva to create a slushy mix of digestible food.​

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1. How does the vivid word choice “clip off” and “pair of scissors” contribute to understanding the reading passage? ​

• It helps with understanding the role of molars. ​

• It enables the reader to identify specific food enzymes. ​

• It assists the reader with imagining the function of teeth. ​

Since your mouth alone cannot digest solid foods, each part of your digestive system helps to break down all of the food that you eat and liquids that you drink into small parts so that your bloodstream can easily absorb all of the nutrients that you need to stay alive. The main parts of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine. Food moves through the intestines and mixes with bile from your liver and enzymes from your pancreas which helps your food to break down into smaller pieces. ​

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Enzymes are most likely- ​

• useful chemicals that assist with digestion ​

• the name given to regions of the intestines ​

• • nutrients that are only found in the bloodstream ​

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• your favorite food

Robert Henderson was always desperate to find gold. For years, he surveyed creeks as well as the soft beds of rocks and soil along the Yukon River with no luck. He continued to search along more river banks. One day, he was digging in a creek and stumbled across some gold flakes. For an additional two more hours, he continued to dig and found almost one thousand dollars worth of gold. He shared his discovery with a husband a wife team of prospectors named the Carmacks. Following Henderson’s suggestion, the Cameracks prospected along the creeks that extended along the Klondike River. They too found large deposits of gold. News of their discovery spread like wildfire. In a matter of days, other mining groups scoured the region and staked claims of areas along the river. Within a few months, nearly one hundred thousand prospectors made the journey to the Klondike River region in search of gold. 

What does “spread like wildfire” most likely mean? 

• Much more gold was discovered. ​

• firefighters came and rescued all the gold.

• The news spread quickly. 

• Fires were caused by all of the gold hunters. ​

Robert Henderson was always desperate to find gold. For years, he surveyed creeks as well as the soft beds of rocks and soil along the Yukon River with no luck. He continued to search along more river banks. One day, he was digging in a creek and stumbled across some gold flakes. For an additional two more hours, he continued to dig and found almost one thousand dollars worth of gold. He shared his discovery with a husband a wife team of prospectors named the Carmacks. Following Henderson’s suggestion, the Cameracks prospected along the creeks that extended along the Klondike River. They too found large deposits of gold. News of their discovery spread like wildfire. In a matter of days, other mining groups scoured the region and staked claims of areas along the river. Within a few months, nearly one hundred thousand prospectors made the journey to the Klondike River region in search of gold. 

How does the use of the phrase “spread like wildfire” assist with understanding the reading passage? ​

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• It helps the reader imagine how quickly word spread. ​

• It helps the reader know how challenging things were. ​

• It helps show the reader that things about the gold spread quickly with the news of it

• It helps the reader know how much gold was discovered. ​

The gold rush also created businesses. In order to get to the region where gold was discovered, some seekers traveled down the Yukon River. A trading post was established there. All types of food, mining equipment and goods were sold making the owners of the trading post wealthy. These were the newest Klondike Gold Rush winners. Pamphlets were sold that gave instructions about what to take along the pathway to the Klondike region. Some made their wealth by cooking home cooked stews and pies for the hungry prospectors. Those that had a sturdy mule and a wagon charged fees for carrying the goods of some of the travelers along the wider parts of the trail. Although only about 4,000 actually found gold, the gold rush was actually a success for numerous people. ​

1. Finding wealth required some level of creativity. Based on the text, in what ways did some show creativity to find this wealth? ​

The gold rush also created businesses. In order to get to the region where gold was discovered, some seekers traveled down the Yukon River. A trading post was established there. All types of food, mining equipment and goods were sold making the owners of the trading post wealthy. These were the newest Klondike Gold Rush winners. Pamphlets were sold that gave instructions about what to take along the pathway to the Klondike region. Some made their wealth by cooking home cooked stews and pies for the hungry prospectors. Those that had a sturdy mule and a wagon charged fees for carrying the goods of some of the travelers along the wider parts of the trail. Although only about 4,000 actually found gold, the gold rush was actually a success for numerous people. ​

1. Finding wealth required some level of creativity. Based on the text, in what ways did some show creativity to find this wealth? ​

The Klondike Gold Rush lasted for approximately three years. By what seemed like an unfortunate irony, Robert Henderson, the person who initially discovered gold in the region, never had the opportunity to mine for more gold as did some as his friends. Trying to be helpful, Henderson had revealed the location of the areas that contained gold. His friends secretly filed legal claims to mine the gold rush areas. By the time Robert Henderson went to search for more gold, the mining areas were all claimed. For starting the flame that ignited the gold rush, Henderson was awarded $200 per month for life from the Canadian government. ​

What does “started the flame that ignited” most likely mean? ​

• started most of the problems that happened ​

• started the entire gold rush ​

• started complaining about injustice ​

• He just was a famous guy who started fires