UK Geography and Economic Structure

What are the differences between urban core and rural areas in terms of population density and age structure?

• Urban areas have higher population density and younger age structure compared to rural areas

• Rural areas have higher population density and younger age structure compared to urban areas

• Urban areas have lower population density and younger age structure compared to rural areas

• Rural areas have lower population density and younger age structure compared to urban areas

Answer explanation

The question asks about the differences between urban core and rural areas in terms of population density and age structure. The correct answer states that urban areas have a higher population density and a younger age structure compared to rural areas. This implies that urban areas are more populated and have a larger proportion of young people compared to rural areas.

How have UK and EU government policies attempted to reduce the differences between urban core and rural areas?

• By establishing enterprise zones and investing in transport infrastructure

• By implementing strict immigration policies and promoting cultural diversity

• By focusing on primary and secondary sectors and neglecting tertiary and quaternary sectors

• By encouraging population migration from rural to urban areas

Answer explanation

The UK and EU government policies have attempted to reduce the differences between urban core and rural areas mainly by establishing enterprise zones and investing in transport infrastructure. This approach promotes economic development and connectivity in rural areas, thereby reducing disparities. The other options, such as strict immigration policies or encouraging population migration, are not primarily aimed at reducing urban-rural differences.

How has national and international migration over the past 50 years altered the population geography of the UK?

• Increased population numbers and changed distribution patterns

• Decreased population numbers and concentrated distribution patterns

• Shifted the age structure towards younger population

• Maintained the population geography of the UK unchanged

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Increased population numbers and changed distribution patterns'. Over the past 50 years, both national and international migration have significantly impacted the UK's population geography. It has led to an increased population and altered distribution patterns, as people have moved from various regions and countries to the UK, changing the demographic composition and distribution.

How have the UK and EU's rules about people moving from other countries helped to increase different cultures and ethnic groups in the UK?

• By letting and attracting people from different backgrounds to come

• By having strict rules about people moving and encouraging them to adopt the local culture

• By not encouraging people from other countries to move here

• By trying to keep the same cultures and ethnic groups

Answer explanation

The UK and EU immigration policy has contributed to increasing ethnic and cultural diversity by allowing and attracting immigrants from diverse backgrounds. This policy has fostered a multicultural society by encouraging the immigration of individuals from various ethnicities and cultures.

How has the change from mainly farming and manufacturing jobs to more service and knowledge-based jobs changed the economy and job market in different parts of the UK?

• Moved the economic focus towards service-based industries and knowledge-based activities

• Made farming and manufacturing sectors more important

• Caused fewer job opportunities in cities

• Kept a balanced economy across all regions

Answer explanation

The shift from primary and secondary sectors to tertiary and quaternary sectors in the UK has led to an altered economic and employment structure. The emphasis has moved towards service-based industries and knowledge-based activities, as correctly indicated in the answer. This shift has not necessarily led to a decrease in opportunities or maintained a balanced structure, thus excluding the other options.

How has the growth of service and information sectors affected the growth of cities in the UK?

• It has made the city population smaller

• It has made cities grow faster because of more job opportunities in these sectors

• It hasn't really affected the growth of cities

• It has slowed down the growth of cities because of job losses in farming and manufacturing sectors

Answer explanation

The growth of the tertiary and quaternary sectors in the UK have led to an acceleration in the urbanization process. This is due to the increase in job opportunities in these sectors, which attracts people to urban areas for work. The other options are incorrect as they suggest a decrease or no impact on urbanization, which is not the case.

How has the Brexit vote changed who comes to live in the UK?

• More people from EU countries have come

• Fewer people from EU countries have come

• It hasn't really changed who comes

• More people from countries outside the EU have come

Answer explanation

The Brexit referendum has greatly influenced immigration patterns in the UK. It has particularly led to a decrease in immigration from EU countries. This decline could be due to the uncertainties and changes in regulations following the referendum.

How has the UK's rules on people coming to live there from other countries changed the job market over the past 50 years?

• It has caused more people with skills to be available

• It has caused less people with skills to be available

• It has not really changed the job market

• It has caused more people to be without jobs

Answer explanation

Over the past 50 years, the UK's immigration policy has led to a surplus of skilled labor. This is because the policy has attracted many skilled immigrants, thereby increasing the supply of skilled labor. As a result, the UK has a surplus of skilled labor in its labor market.

How is life different in city centers and countryside areas in the UK and EU?

• Life is better in the countryside because there are fewer people and more nature

• Life is better in the city because there are more services and opportunities

• Life is the same in both the city and the countryside

• We can't compare life in the city and the countryside

Answer explanation

The question asks about the differences in quality of life between urban and rural areas in the UK and EU. The correct answer states that urban areas have a higher quality of life due to better access to services and opportunities. This implies that urban dwellers have more facilities and prospects available to them, enhancing their lifestyle as compared to those residing in rural areas.

How has the UK's choice to leave the EU (Brexit) changed its trading with EU countries?

• It has made trade with EU countries go up

• It has made trade with EU countries go down

• It hasn't really changed the trade relationships

• It has made trade with countries outside the EU go up

Answer explanation

The UK's Brexit decision led to a change in its trade relationships with EU countries. As per the question, the most accurate option is that Brexit has led to a decrease in trade with EU countries. This is due to new trade barriers and increased uncertainties, impacting the trade flow.