Final exam Review 2

Samantha is developing a management plan for an area suffering a significant reduction of grasses and plants which directly affects the viability of an endangered species. Her plan involves an increase of primary producers to support long-term ecological balance and to eliminate the requirement of human influence. Which of the following best represents this management plan?

• Parasitism

• Sustainability

• Mutualism

• Partnership

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

A volcano has erupted and has now cooled off to leave bare rock. Over time, lichens have colonized on the rock, breaking it down and creating soil. Soil allowed grasses and flowering plants to grow. In this example, which of these was most likely the pioneer species?

• Soil

• Lichens

• Grasses

• Flowering plants

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Nutrient flow is the natural process which provides for the cycling of chemicals between biotic and abiotic factors including water, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.

• True

• False

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following is true about chlorophyll?

• Is required in order to perform photosynthesis

• Is required in producers to create carbon dioxide

• Synthesizes food from oxygen and water

• None of the choices

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Grasslands are dominated by grasses and several species of forbs. Which of the following best describes a forb?

• A drought tolerant species of grass

• Trees and taller shrubs which survive in grasslands

• Invasive species which takes over grasslands

• Broadleaf plants and lower shrub vegetation

Which of the following is true regarding the ability for grasslands to sequester carbon from the atmosphere?

• Grasslands recover quickly from drought or fire, allowing them to return to carbon sequestering far earlier than other biomes

• More carbon in grasslands is stored above the surface in stems, so dead, above-ground vegetation does not release as much carbon when decaying

• The structure of plants found in grasslands are more adapted to hold large amounts of carbon than plants found in forests

• There is more carbon found in the atmosphere surrounding grasslands than in forests, so there is more to be captured

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following best describes high-grading harvest?

• All growth was cleared in an area no matter the age or type of plant

• Only cutting the largest or most valuable tree species in an area

• Cutting off the tallest branches of trees to allow more sunlight to penetrate the forest floor

• Cutting trees which were small and overcrowding other trees and plants in the area

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

Which of the following is true about the Forest and Rangeland Planning Act?

• Monitors the effects of climate change on renewable resources and managed lands

• Allows the president to set aside forest reserves

• Established the management, protection and care of forest reserves

• Authorized the U.S. Forest Service to develop standards in order to ensure a future supply of wood resources from forests

What is desertification?

• Areas of grassland which undergo sandstorms

• Grasslands which are transformed into agriculture lands

• Grasslands which are near a desert area and acts a transition zone

• Grasslands which undergo drought or demineralization and turn into a desert landscape

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

In order to minimize soil erosion and increase water retention, Randy wants to plant a cover crop for his cotton field without negatively affecting the fertility of the soil. He knows cotton requires significant amounts of nitrogen to grow, so he will need to choose a cover crop with low nitrogen requirements. Which of the following cover crops should Randy choose?

• Legumes

• Winter wheat

• Buckwheat

• Barley

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-5