Topic 1 Lesson 1 Intellectual Revolutions

He was a French political thinker who advocated for the division of government powers into separate branches

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Denis Diderot

This Russian ruler added new lands to Russia, encouraged science, art, literature, Russia became one of Europe's most powerful nations. Considered a tyrant to the peasants of Russia.

• Catherine the Great

• Ivan the Terrible

• Nicholas II

• Peter the Great

This Italian philosopher advocated for the rights of defendants, and called for the abolition of torture and capital punishment.

• Cesare Beccaria

• Leonardo di Vinci

• Voltaire

• John Locke

This was the name for the European Absolute Monarchs in the 1700s who were inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects

• enlightened despot

• dictator

• divine right

• democracy advocate

During the 18th century, a cultural and intellectual movement emerged that emphasized the use of reason, critical thinking, and individualism to address societal issues. What is this movement called?

• Renaissance

• Age of Exploration

• Enlightenment/Age of Reason

• Reformation

Who is known for establishing the scientific method?

• Galileo Galilei

• Francis Bacon

• Voltaire

• Copernicus

This Prussian ruler was known for his enlightened reforms, including granting religious tolerance, promoting education, and modernizing the legal system. He was also a skilled military leader.

• Frederick the Great

• Louis XIV

• Peter the Great

• Catherine the Great

This scientist proved Copernicus' heliocentric theory that the sun was the center of the solar system and developed the modern experimental method. He died under house arrest for his ideas.

• Voltaire

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

• Francis Bacon

This is the idea that Earth is the center of the universe

• geocentric theory
• heliocentric theory
• law of the planets

• planetarium theory

This is the idea that Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.

• heliocentric theory
• geocentric theory

• law of gravity

• divine right theory