Endosymbiosis and the Origin of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Quiz
•
Science
•
12th Grade
•
Hard
+1
Standards-aligned
Glady Ruiz
Used 7+ times
FREE Resource
10 questions
Show all answers
1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
What are prokaryotic cells?
Single-celled organisms with a cell membrane
Multi-celled organisms with a nucleus
Single-celled organisms with a nucleus
Multi-celled organisms with a cell wall
Answer explanation
Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus. They are enclosed by a cell membrane which defines their structure. Hence, the correct answer to the question is 'Single-celled organisms with a cell membrane'. Other options mentioned either a nucleus or multiple cells, which are not characteristics of prokaryotic cells.
Tags
NGSS.MS-LS1-1
NGSS.MS-LS1-2
2.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Ava, Aiden, and Ethan are having a debate about how prokaryotes divide. Ava thinks it's through mitosis, Aiden believes it's binary fission, Ethan is convinced it's meiosis, and their teacher suggests it might be budding. Which is correct?
Mitosis
Binary fission
Meiosis
Budding
Answer explanation
Prokaryotes, like bacteria, reproduce asexually. They do not use mitosis or meiosis, which are processes used by eukaryotes. Instead, prokaryotes use a process known as binary fission, during which a single cell divides into two identical cells. This process is faster and simpler than mitosis and meiosis. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'Binary fission'.
3.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
What is the process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts divide?
Mitosis
Binary fission
Meiosis
Budding
Answer explanation
The question asks about the division process of mitochondria and chloroplasts. The correct answer is 'Binary fission'. This is because both these organelles divide independently of the cell wherein they reside, and this process of division is similar to the binary fission performed by bacteria.
4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Harper, Evelyn, and Lily are on a quest to discover the secrets of human genetics. They stumble upon a riddle: 'From whom do humans inherit mitochondria?' Can you help them solve it?
Both parents
Only from their father
Only from their mother
Neither parent
Answer explanation
Mitochondria is inherited only from the mother. This is due to mitochondrial DNA, which is only passed down from the mother. The sperm's mitochondria gets destroyed by the egg cell after fertilization. So, the answer to the question 'From whom do we inherit mitochondria?' is 'Mother only'.
5.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotes?
Carry genetic material for mitosis
Provide protection to the cell
Store extra DNA outside the chromosome
Facilitate cellular respiration
Answer explanation
Plasmids play a crucial role in prokaryotes as they store extra DNA outside the chromosome in prokaryotes, and outside the nucleus in eukaryotes. These small, circular DNA molecules are independent of the chromosomal DNA and are capable of self-replication. They are not involved in carrying genetic material for mitosis, providing protection to the cell, or facilitating cellular respiration, making the correct choice 'Store extra DNA outside the chromosome'.
6.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Charlotte, Olivia, and Jackson are having a debate about cells. Charlotte thinks that prokaryotic ribosomes are larger, while Olivia believes that eukaryotic ribosomes are larger. Jackson, on the other hand, thinks that one type is more efficient than the other. Can you help them settle this debate? What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
Charlotte is right, prokaryotic ribosomes are larger
Olivia is right, eukaryotic ribosomes are larger
Jackson is right, prokaryotic ribosomes are more efficient
Jackson is right, eukaryotic ribosomes are more efficient
Answer explanation
The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes lies in their size. Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller in size, typically 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are larger, typically 80S.
7.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Maya, David, and Abigail are looking into the endosymbiotic theory about mitochondria and chloroplasts. Can you help them understand why these organelles have a double membrane?
Is it because it provides protection to the organelles?
Or, does it allow for increased energy production?
Could it be a result of endocytosis during evolution?
Or, is it to separate the organelles from the cytoplasm?
Answer explanation
The double membrane in mitochondria and chloroplasts is significant due to a process called endocytosis during evolution. This phenomenon involves the engulfment of one cell by another, resulting in the formation of organelles with a double membrane. It does not primarily aim at protection or separation from the cytoplasm or increased energy production.
Tags
NGSS.HS-LS4-2
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