Metabolism Pre-Assessment

The space exploration program has hired you for advice on how to keep astronauts healthy in the space shuttle. How can the program 's doctors make sure the astronauts' bodies work well enough to exercise in space?

• The doctors could make sure the astronauts' cells are getting the molecules they need from food and air.

• The doctors could make sure that the astronauts' bodies can make make enough energy by getting enough sleep.

Answer explanation

The question asks how doctors can ensure astronauts' bodies function well enough for exercise in space. The correct choice, 'The doctors could make sure the astronauts' cells are getting the molecules they need from food and air', suggests that maintaining a balanced diet and air quality can ensure the proper functioning of astronauts' bodies. The molecular intake from food and air is critical for various bodily functions including the ability to exercise.

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Some types of syrup are almost entirely made of glucose molecules. If a person ate some syrup like this, what would happen to her ability to exercise?

• It would be easier for her to exercise because glucose moves through the circulatory system faster than other food molecules usually do.

• Nothing would happen to her ability to exercise, but her digestive system would not work as hard, since glucose is already small enough to get to her cells.

  
  

Answer explanation

The person's ability to exercise wouldn't be affected by consuming syrup that's mainly glucose. However, her digestive system might experience less strain. The reason for this is that glucose is a simple sugar that can easily be absorbed by cells, eliminating the need for complex digestive processes.

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Doctors tested a patient and found that his cells contained normal levels of oxygen and glucose molecules, and no starch molecules. Will this patient be able to exercise normally?

• Yes, the glucose and oxygen molecules can react together to release energy for the body to function.

  
  

• No, his digestive system is not breaking down food molecules; his cells need starch molecules to react with glucose, which releases energy.

Answer explanation

The patient's cells have normal oxygen and glucose levels, which are essential for energy production. This energy is vital for normal exercise. Starch, on the other hand, is not necessary for the mentioned process. As a result, the patient will be able to exercise normally.

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Some problems with the digestive system make it very difficult for the body to digest enough food. Why would it be harder to exercise when you have a digestion problem like this?

• Your cells would have molecules from air, but would not get enough molecules from food.

• You would not get any of the molecules your cells need to exercise.

Answer explanation

The body requires energy to function, which is derived from the food we eat. If a person has a digestive problem, their body can't process enough food to generate the necessary energy. While cells can obtain some molecules from the air, such as oxygen, they cannot get the required nutrients from food. This would lead to energy deficiency, making it harder to exercise.

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Click On the C

• C

• A

Answer explanation

The question instructs to 'Click on the C'. Looking at the provided options, we can see one of them is 'C'. Therefore, the correct choice according to the given question is 'C'.

Two soccer teams, the Bears and the Panthers, played games at the same time in two different locations. The Bears game was played at sea level, where there is a normal amount of oxygen. Before their game, the players on the Bears ate a lunch of mostly starch. The Panthers game was played at very high altitude, where there is less oxygen. The players on the Panthers ate a lunch of starch and protein. Which team probably did better in their game?

• The Bears probably did better because their cells released energy from oxygen reacting with glucose, which was broken down from starch in the digestive system.

• The Panthers probably did better because their cells released energy from breaking down protein in the digestive system, which then combined with oxygen in cells.

• The teams did equally well because their digestive systems just need to break down starch into glucose for cells to release energy.

• The teams did equally well because glucose from starch can react with oxygen or proteins to release energy.

Answer explanation

The Bears likely performed better because they played at sea level, where there is normal oxygen, which is crucial for energy release in the cells. Their diet of mostly starch helps produce glucose, which, in turn, reacts with oxygen to release energy. In contrast, the Panthers played at a higher altitude with less oxygen, and their food consisted of starch and protein, which might not have been as effective in energy release.

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A student thinks that the human body only works properly when cells are getting molecules from food and molecules from air. Is the student correct?

• No, the body only works when the lungs get molecules from air, and the stomach gets molecules from food.

  No, the body only works when the lungs get molecules from air, and the stomach gets molecules from food.

• Yes, the body only works when cells get molecules from food and molecules from air.

Answer explanation

The student is correct. The human body indeed needs molecules from food and air for proper functioning. The molecules from food provide essential nutrients, while the molecules from air, especially oxygen, help in respiration to produce energy.

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Stella’s respiratory system is not working well. Why is this a problem for her ability to exercise?

• Her digestive system will have to work twice as hard to get the same amount of energy from glucose molecules.

• Her cells will not work well when they have low levels of oxygen.

  
  

Answer explanation

The respiratory system is vital for supplying oxygen to the cells which they use for energy production. If Stella's respiratory system is not working well, her cells may not get sufficient oxygen. Lack of oxygen can hamper the cells' ability to work well, which would therefore affect Stella's ability to exercise. The correct option highlights that her cells will not work well when they have low levels of oxygen.

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Rosa eats a peanut butter sandwich for lunch. Peanut butter contains a lot of protein, and bread is mostly starch. Rosa plans to go for a run later this afternoon. Rosa is breathing normally.

What does she need from the food she ate and the air she breathes so that she can go on her run?

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Guillermo was finding it difficult to walk up the steps to his family’s apartment. His doctor thinks that his cells might not be getting enough oxygen or glucose.

Why does having low levels of glucose or oxygen in his cells make it difficult for Guillermo to walk up steps?

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