Chapter 1 Review

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?

• An idea that proves a theory

• A means of explaining social phenomena

• A way of looking at the world

• A tentative explanation

Psychology refers to the ________.

• Empirical study of humanity

• Experimental study of individuals

• Scientific study of the mind and behavior

• Systematic study of human interaction

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

• Critical thinking

• Hypothesis

• Statistical validation

• Scientific theory

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

• Logical positivism

• Observation of phenomena

• Practice of skills or procedures

• Statistical validation

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

• A student in a psychology class writes his term paper on whether or not fish feel pain

• A student writes a letter to his professor requesting a change in course policy

• Dr. Hysock-Witham decides to start her course later because so many students arrive late

• Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates

Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?

• Wolfgang Köhler

• Sigmund Freud

• Wilhelm Wundt

• William James

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

• Another person's consciousness

• Their own conscious experience

• Their own unconscious wishes

• The social construction of consciousness

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

• Behaviorism

• Client-centered therapy

• Introspection

• Psychoanalysis

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

• Scientific instruments were not sensitive enough to measure precise reaction times

• Structuralism was parsimonious

• The process was highly subjective

• Wilhelm Wundt falsified his results

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

• Explaining the subconscious

• The operation of individual parts of the mind

• The operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

• Understanding the id, ego, and superego