8.3 Expansion Vocabulary Quiz

1. Assimilation

• A) This refers to the process of encouraging or requiring individuals or social groups to adopt the customs of the mainstream culture.
• B) This term refers to an unskilled farmworker.
• C) These were farmers that raised cattle and sheep to graze on lands that were owned by the government. In the American west, early ranches were run by Mexican vaqueros. Later, after Texas became independent, they were taken over by Texas ranchers.
• D) This term refers to Mexican cowboys.

2. Battle of Little Big Horn

• A) This was a desperate attempt by some of the Dakota Sioux to fight back against poor treatment from the federal government and white settlement. They attacked white settlements and killed over 500. In return, the warriors were arrested, treated like criminals, and 38 were sentenced to hang.
• B) This battle was a rare victory for Native Americans of the Western Plains during a series of wars over western territory. General Custer (of the U.S. Army) chased after Native American forces led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull in the Montana Territory. Custer led his outnumbered troops straight towards their death.
• C) This occurred in 1864 when U.S. soldiers, led by Colonel Chivington, attacked a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians without cause. Over 200 women and children were slaughtered.
• D) These were towns that spring up near areas of mineral deposits. They would house miners and other workers. They were often abandoned after the mines closed and became ghost towns as a result.

3. Boomtown

• A) This was the first continuous railroad line built over the American west. Built by Irish and Chinese workers, it connected two railroad lines - the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific - at Promontory Point, Utah.
• B) Passed in 1887, this act required Native Americans to assimilate into U.S. society by dividing their tribal land into individual plots of 320 acres. If Native Americans accepted plots of land then they were given U.S. citizenship. The remaining 90 million acres of land were sold to settlers.
• C) This refers to the process of encouraging or requiring individuals or social groups to adopt the customs of the mainstream culture.
• D) These were towns that spring up near areas of mineral deposits. They would house miners and other workers. They were often abandoned after the mines closed and became ghost towns as a result.

4. Buffalo Bill Cody

• A) These were African Americans soldiers who served on the frontier after the Civil War. They were often tasked with fighting against Native Americans on the Great Plains.
• B) He was a showman who was known for killing 1,000s of bison and for his Wild West shows that depicted a mythical version of the frontier.
• C) He was a Nez Perce leader who is best known for guiding his people across the Rocky Mountains (over 1,700 miles) in an attempt to escape to Canada and avoid surrendering to U.S. forces. The U.S. military eventually caught up with him and his people and forced them to surrender. They were taken to a reservation in Oklahoma.
• D) He was a leader of the Sioux who fled to Canada for several years after the Battle of Little Bighorn. Later he participated in Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West show before returning to the Dakotas. There, he was killed by Native American police who were attempting to arrest him.

5. Buffalo Soldiers

• A) These were African Americans soldiers who served on the frontier after the Civil War. They were often tasked with fighting against Native Americans on the Great Plains.
• B) These were farmers that raised cattle and sheep to graze on lands that were owned by the government. In the American west, early ranches were run by Mexican vaqueros. Later, after Texas became independent, they were taken over by Texas ranchers.
• C) They were a group of Mexicans in the American Southwest that fought against the loss of land by tearing up railroad tracks, burning barns, and cutting barbed wire. The groups did not last long, and they did not stop the division of land.
• D) This was a political party made up of farmers and factory workers who wanted the people of the United States to rise up and take back power from the wealthy and the political parties currently in power. They also championed issues like women’s suffrage, the direct election of U.S. Senators, free coinage of gold and silver, a graduated income tax, and an 8-hour work-day. While the party died out by 1900, many of the issues they fought for came to be law.

6. Chief Joseph

• A) He was a leader of the Sioux who fled to Canada for several years after the Battle of Little Bighorn. Later he participated in Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West show before returning to the Dakotas. There, he was killed by Native American police who were attempting to arrest him.
• B) He was a spiritual leader of the Paiute who created the Ghost Dance movement.
• C) He was a Nez Perce leader who is best known for guiding his people across the Rocky Mountains (over 1,700 miles) in an attempt to escape to Canada and avoid surrendering to U.S. forces. The U.S. military eventually caught up with him and his people and forced them to surrender. They were taken to a reservation in Oklahoma.
• D) He was a showman who was known for killing 1,000s of bison and for his Wild West shows that depicted a mythical version of the frontier.

7. Cowboys

• A) This term refers to African Americans who fled the south after Reconstruction and moved to Kansas, Colorado and Oklahoma to establish their own farms.
• B) Poorly paid ranch hands who tended to livestock and drove herds of cattle from Texas north to meet the railroads in the late 1800s. A diverse group of African-Americans, Mexicans, Native Americans, and settlers.
• C) These were farmers that raised cattle and sheep to graze on lands that were owned by the government. In the American west, early ranches were run by Mexican vaqueros. Later, after Texas became independent, they were taken over by Texas ranchers.
• D) This term refers to Mexican cowboys.

8. Dawes Act

• A) This term refers to a spiritual movement among American Indians in the late 1800s. Those who practiced it hoped to promote the return of their ancestors and a more traditional way of life. The U.S. government feared it and arrested or murdered many of those who participated.
• B) Passed by Congress in 1862. With the act, settlers were offered 160 acres of free public land in the American West. In order to earn the land, settlers had to be at least 21 years of age, pay a small processing fee, live on the land for five years, and then prove that they had lived on their claim. Men and women could apply and both immigrants and black people were allowed to apply also.
• C) Passed in 1887, this act required Native Americans to assimilate into U.S. society by dividing their tribal land into individual plots of 320 acres. If Native Americans accepted plots of land then they were given U.S. citizenship. The remaining 90 million acres of land were sold to settlers.
• D) After the Civil War, cattlemen moved into Texas and raised herds of longhorn cattle on large ranches. It refers to when cowboys drove the cattle along trails like the Chisholm Trail and the Goodnight-Loving Trail to meet with the railroad so the cattle could be shipped back east.

9. Exodusters

• A) This term refers to African Americans who fled the south after Reconstruction and moved to Kansas, Colorado and Oklahoma to establish their own farms.
• B) This school was among many in North America and Canada that opened in the late 1800s for Native American children. Their goal was to “kill” Native American culture by forcing Native American children to speak English, dress in English-style clothing, and cut their hair.
• C) were poorly paid ranch hands who tended to livestock and drove herds of cattle from Texas north to meet the railroads in the late 1800s. Cowboys were a diverse group of African-Americans, Mexicans, Native Americans, and settlers.
• D) An unskilled farmworker.

10. Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868

• A) A spiritual movement among American Indians in the late 1800s. Those who practiced it hoped to promote the return of their ancestors and a more traditional way of life. The U.S. government feared it and arrested or murdered many of those who participated.
• B) Passed by Congress in 1862. With the act, settlers were offered 160 acres of free public land in the American West. In order to earn the land, settlers had to be at least 21 years of age, pay a small processing fee, live on the land for five years, and then prove that they had lived on their claim. Men and women could apply and both immigrants and black people were allowed to apply also.
• C) Passed in 1887, this act required Native Americans to assimilate into U.S. society by dividing their tribal land into individual plots of 320 acres. If Native Americans accepted plots of land then they were given U.S. citizenship. The remaining 90 million acres of land were sold to settlers.
• D) Signed between the United States and the Sioux Nation. In the treaty, the United States recognized and reaffirmed that the Black Hills were part of the Great Sioux Reservation.