AP Psychology - Unit 2 (E9-18)

This is part of autonomic nervous system and it calms you down.

• parasympathetic

• sympathetic

• central nervous system

• peripheral nervous system

Answer explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for calming the body down. It is often referred to as the 'rest and digest' system. When activated, it slows heart rate, increases intestinal and glandular activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'parasympathetic'.

What do we call it when the inside of the neuron is negatively charged relative to the outside of neuron?

• polarization

• depolarization

• polar vortex

Answer explanation

The term for when the inside of a neuron is negatively charged relative to its outside is called 'polarization'. This state is essential for the proper functioning of neurons, and it's the basis for the transmission of neural signals. The other options, 'depolarization' and 'polar vortex', are not correct in this context.

What do we call a chemical messenger that is released into the bloodstream slowly but is long lasting?

• neurotransmitter

• hormones

• neurobiotics

• plasticity

Answer explanation

Hormones are the correct answer because they are the slow, long-lasting chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream. This is in contrast with neurotransmitters, which work more quickly but have a shorter duration. Neurobiotics and plasticity are not related to this process.

This regulates blood sugar, and secretes insulin.

• pancrease

• gall bladder

• thalamus

• amygdala

Answer explanation

The question asked about a part of the body that regulates blood sugar and secretes insulin. The pancreas fits this description as it is responsible for maintaining the body's blood glucose levels by secreting insulin when needed. Therefore, 'pancrease' is the correct answer.

What do we call the sending end of a neuron?

• dendrites

• axon terminals

• soma

• myelin sheath

Answer explanation

The axon terminals are the sending end of a neuron. They are specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell. While dendrites receive information from other neurons, soma is the cell body, and myelin sheath is a layer that protects the nerve fibers.

What do we call the receiving end of a neuron?

• dendrites

• synapatics

• myelin sheath

• soma

Answer explanation

The receiving end of a neuron is called a dendrite. Out of the given options, dendrites is the correct answer. Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that act as the main apparatus for receiving signals from other nerve cells. So, in context of the question, dendrites is the right choice as these are the receiving ends of a neuron.

What do we call a neurotransmitter that promotes action potentials?

• excitatory

• inhibitory

Answer explanation

An excitatory neurotransmitter is called so because it increases the likelihood of an action potential being generated in the neuron it targets. This happens as it results in a positive change in the electrical potential of the neuron's membrane. Therefore, the answer to the question 'What do we call a neurotransmitter that promotes action potentials?' is 'excitatory'.

Soma is another name for the

• cell body.

• vessicles.

• myelin sheath.

• membrane.

Answer explanation

The term 'Soma' is another name for the 'cell body' in neuroscience. It is the bulbous, non-process portion of a neuron or other brain cell type, containing the cell nucleus. The other options such as 'vessicles', 'myelin sheath', and 'membrane' are different parts of a neuron, not synonymous with Soma.

These carry signals from the tissues and organs to the brain and spinal cord.

• sensory neurons (afferent neurons)

• motor neurons

• efferent neurons

• glial cells

Answer explanation

Sensory neurons, the correct answer, are known as afferent neurons. They carry signals from tissues and organs to the brain and spinal cord. This communication is crucial in allowing the body to respond accurately to external stimuli. Motor neurons and efferent neurons transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands, while glial cells provide support and protection for neurons.

When a neuron is at rest, the ions inside the cell are mostly _______ and the ions outside the cell are mostly _______.

• positively charged; negatively charged

• negatively charged; positively charged

• small; large
  

• large; small

Answer explanation

The neuron at rest is polarized, which means it has a negative charge on the inside and a positive charge on the outside. This is due to the distribution of ions, predominantly negatively charged inside with potassium ions and predominantly positively charged outside with sodium ions. Thus, the answer is 'negatively charged; positively charged'.