Chapter 2 8th grade

What is the most important reason why English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish merchants began searching for sea routes to Asia in the 1400's

• Overland trade routes had become more dangerous than they had been.

• Direct access to African goods would have increased profit.

• They wanted to bypass merchants who monopolized Asian products.

• Many educated Asians had become interested in European cultures.

The Columbian Exchange affected American Indian agriculture by getting American Indians to

• use fertilizer

• grow tomatoes

• produce tobacco

• farm barley

of the following, who or what did not help Hernan Cortes destroy the Aztec Empire?

• Leif Erikson

• Conquistadors

• Malintzin

• Smallpox

How did European disease in the Americas help create the slave trade?

• European diseases frightened native laborers, who refused to work for the colonists.

• European colonists become too ill to work, so another source of labor had to be found.

• European diseases killed so many Native Americans that a new labor force was needed.

• because Africans were not immune to European diseases, they had to be forced to work as slaves.

Which on the following was not a result of the Portuguese slave trade?

• African communities were broken up.

• Warfare increased among African Kingdoms.

• Enslaved Africans suffered terrible living conditions in other countries.

• Portugal endured losses in wealth and power.

The main purpose of Columbus's expedition across the Atlantic was to

• learn as much as possible about other cultures

• bring back exotic plants and animals

• claim lands and bring back wealth.

• create up-to-date maps and charts

What did Bartolome de Las Casas do to try to change Spain's way of governing the Americas?

• He wrote books and letters defending the American Indians.

• He revised laws regarding the us of African slaves.

• He complained about the treatment of plantation owners.

• He insisted on the use of American Indians for plantation work.

How did the astrolabe aid explorers in finding new continents?

• It allowed ship navigators to estimate distance from land by measuring the ocean's depth.

• It allowed ship navigators to check location by charting the position of stars.

• It allowed ship navigators to tell direction by aligning a magnetic strip with the North Pole.

• It allowed ship navigators to calculate the rate of travel by measuring the speed of headwinds.

What was the main reason the Spanish Crown established the encomienda system?

• to reward settlers for their service to the Crown

• to entice settlers to convert to Christianity

• to give the settlers an incentive to practice slavery

• to ensure settlers land remained the property of the Crown

What explorer helped Portugal win the European race for a sea route to Asia?

• Amerigo Vespucci

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Vasco Nunez de Balboa

• Vasco de Gama