States of Matter Exam Review

Consider the cooling curve above. The substance is changing state from a gas to a liquid to a solid. As the temperature changes we also know that

• there is a decrease in molecular attraction and kinetic energy.

  
  

• there is a decrease in kinetic energy and the molecules get closer together.

  
  

• kinetic energy increases while potential energy decreases during the phase changes.

  
  

• although the molecules get closer together, there is no real change in the energy of the molecules.

  
  

While Ms. Brown's science class is studying changes in particle motion during phase changes, they add a few pieces of dry ice to a flask and cover it with a balloon. After a few minutes they observed the balloon starting to inflate. Predict what will happen if they put the flask with the inflated balloon onto a hot plate and raise its temperature from room temperature to 40 °C.

• No change occurs.

  
  

• The balloon will deflate.

  
  

• The dry ice precipitates.

  
  

• The balloon inflates further.

  
  

Consider the phase change taking place in the picture. You could use ALL BUT ONE statement to describe what is happening here. That is:

• Temperature is increasing.

  
  

• Kinetic energy is increasing.

  
  

• The space between the particles remains the same.

  
  

• The attractive force between the particles is decreasing.

  
  

Consider the model of three states of matter. This is an example of a conceptual model. What does this model illustrate about these three states of matter? All BUT ONE could apply.

• The particles in a solid are arranged in a definite shape.

  
  

• The three states of matter are composed of individual atoms.

  
  

• The particles of a gas have have enough kinetic energy to escape from an uncovered container.

  
  

• The arrangement of particles in the three states of matter are related to the energy of those particles.

  
  

What information does this model add to the information we already have about the three states of matter?

• In order to change from one phase of matter to another heat must be added.

  
  

• When a substance changes state the particles do not lose or gain heat energy, only kinetic energy.

  
  

• There is a direct relationship between an increase in temperature and an increase in kinetic energy of particles in matter.

  
  

• There is an indirect relationship between an increase in temperature and an increase in kinetic energy of particles in matter.

  
  

Which state of matter is electrically conductive, produces magnetic fields and electric currents?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Which state of matter conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

Which state of matter retains a fixed volume and shape?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

Which state of matter has both variable volume and shape and expands to fill its container?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

Relate the temperature of a gas to the kinetic energy of its particles.

• As the temperature extends, the kinetic energy of the particles decreases.

  
  

• As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases.

  
  

• As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases.

  
  

• As the temperature intensifies, the kinetic energy of the particles decreases.