Which two characteristics must an organism have to be used as an index fossil?

geographically widespread and existed for a geologically short period of time

geographically limited and existed for a geologically long period of time

geographically limited and existed for geologically short period of time

geographically widespread and existed for a geologically long period of time

What initial catastrophic event is most likely responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs?

the impact of a large asteroid or comet hitting Earth's surface

the impact of many tornadoes during a massive storm

the rise of sea levels caused by melting glaciers

the rise of mammals that became predators of dinosaurs

A student creates the experimental setup shown in the diagram. In one funnel, she adds fine sand, and in the other, she adds clay. She pours an equal amount of water into each and records the amount of water that is collected in the beaker below each funnel after one hour. What can be inferred about the property of soil that caused the difference in the amount of water that drained through each type of soil?

Clay soil has less permeability than fine sand.

Clay soil has a greater pH than fine sand.

Clay soil has less humus than fine sand.

Clay soil has a greater particle size than fine sand.

What can a geologist understand by studying the fossil composition of sedimentary rocks?

how life forms evolved over time

how animals built their shelters

how some extinct animals preyed on others for food

how land animals used rocks as habitats

A scientist studies a geologic cross section of rock layers in a region. The rock layers have not been disturbed by any faulting, folding, or tilting. Which statement is a correct inference?

Each rock layer is younger than the one below it.

Each rock layer is older than the one below it.

The youngest rock layer is found at the bottom.

The oldest rock layer will contain the most fossils.

A researcher is studying undisturbed, horizontal, sedimentary rock layers in a region. The rock layers have no igneous intrusions. He observes that some of the rock layers contain various kinds of fossils. How can the researcher use the fossil evidence to help determine the ages of the rock layers?

He can research the age of any index fossils found in the rock layers and then use the geologic law of superposition.

He can list the number of fossils present in each rock layer and then use the geologic law of uniformitarianism.

He can compare the complexity of index fossils within the rock layers and then use the geologic principle of original horizontality.

He can analyze the depth at which different fossils are present and then use the geologic principle of cross-cutting relationships.

The Precambrian eon (4,600 million - 541 million years ago) is the largest timespan in the history of Earth and includes the formation of Earth itself and the appearance of the first organisms. Fossil records during this timespan are very poor compared to the fossil records of the next succeeding era. What is the likely reason for the lack of fossils during this timespan?

The organisms were composed of soft tissues.

The organisms were made up of shells.

The organisms were less in number.

The organisms were covered with volcanic ash.

What information can be learned about a fossil using the Law of Superposition?

the age of the fossil compared to other fossils

the species to which the fossil belongs

the diet of the organism from which the fossil was formed

the behaviors of the organism from which the fossil was formed

What must be true in order for a species to serve as an index fossil?

The species must have only lived for a short period of geologic time.

The species must have only lived in a small geographic area.

The species must not be extinct.

The species must look similar to several other species.

Dinosaur fossils are found in rock layers that are below the rock layers containing saber tooth tiger fossils. What can be inferred from this?

Dinosaurs and saber tooth tigers lived in different geological eras.

Dinosaurs have evolved into saber tooth tigers.

Dinosaurs preyed on saber tooth tigers.

The dinosaur population was larger than the saber tooth tiger population.

What question could best be answered by studying fossils?

How did birds evolve from reptiles over time?

How are canyons created by rivers?

How was water formed on Earth's surface?

How are coral reefs formed on ocean floors?

What does the fossil record indicate about plants and animals that lived on the Earth in the past?

Most evolved during the Precambrian period.

Most have adapted to the environments over time.

An impact crater believed to be 65 million years old exists under the coast of Mexico. What do scientists believe happened as a result of this catastrophic event?

Global temperatures rose, and polar ice caps melted.

Glaciers retreated and formed the Great Lakes.

Living corals are found in warm shallow seas. Coral fossils have been found in sedimentary rocks in Canada. How can this be interpreted?

Canada once had a tropical marine environment.

The cold climate of Canada fossilized and preserved the coral.

Strong Pacific Ocean currents carried the coral to Canada.

Corals were moved from tropical waters to Canada by Pacific Hurricanes.

How have volcanoes played a major role in the changes that have occurred throughout Earth's geologic history?

The ash and dust blocked the Sun for long periods of time affecting atmospheric temperatures and resulting in the death of many life forms.

The molten magma inside the volcano was a habitat for a diversity of life forms that expanded and eventually populated the Earth.

The lava flows from the volcanoes destroyed land masses resulting in less land for the terrestrial life forms existing on the planet.

Volcanic activity caused the movement and collision of continental plates which led to the separation of one large land mass into smaller continents.

Look at the diagram. Which sentence best describes a process in the rock cycle?

Igneous rocks can become metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.

Metamorphic rocks can form by the weathering process.

Volcanoes can deposit sedimentary rock to form mountains.

Sedimentary rocks can melt to become metamorphic rocks.

What is the relationship between particle size and permeability?

As particle size increases, the permeability increases.

As particle size increases, the permeability decreases.

As permeability decreases, the particle size decreases.

As permeability increases, the particle size remains constant.

The table lists the particle size of four different types of soils. What is the correct arrangement of the types of soil from most to least permeable?

Type 2 > Type 4 > Type 3 > Type 1

Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3 > Type 4

Type 2 > Type 3 > Type 4 > Type 1

Type 1 > Type 3 > Type 4 > Type 2

8th Grade Unit 2 CA 23-24

Authored by Taja Cunningham

Science

8th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 19+ times

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35 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which information is the best indicator of a region's ancient environment and climate?

fossil types and distribution

current plant and animal life

the current ratio of land to water

the chemical composition of rock layers

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The diagram shows an outcrop with four layers labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4 from top to bottom. Each layer has a fossil labeled as W, X, Y, and Z. Based on the law of superposition, which is the oldest fossil in the shown outcrop?

fossil W

fossil X

fossil Y

fossil Z

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The diagram shows rock layers taken from three different locations that may be far apart from each other. Which fossil(s) is (are) the best example of an index fossil?

ammonite

brachiopod

ammonite and brachiopod

trilobite and brachiopod

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What effect does precipitation have on the water table?

Precipitation causes the water table to rise.

Precipitation causes the water table to lower.

Precipitation has no effect on the water table.

Precipitation keeps the water table at a constant level.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Where is most of the freshwater on Earth located?

groundwater

lakes and rivers

polar ice caps

oceans

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

When does groundwater become surface water?

when artificial ponds are created

when topsoil vegetation increases

when the top soil layers become more porous

when the water table intersects with the surface of the soil

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is an aquifer?

An aquifer is an above-ground layer of impermeable rock that holds water underground under pressure, causing geysers.

An aquifer is an above-ground layer of permeable rock that holds water, allowing it to be used as a source of drinking water.

An aquifer is an underground layer of impermeable rock that forces water to the surface, causing floods.

An aquifer is an underground layer of permeable rock that holds water, allowing it to be used as a source of drinking water.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

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8th Grade Unit 2 CA 23-24

Which information is the best indicator of a region's ancient environment and climate?

The diagram shows an outcrop with four layers labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4 from top to bottom. Each layer has a fossil labeled as W, X, Y, and Z. Based on the law of superposition, which is the oldest fossil in the shown outcrop?

The diagram shows rock layers taken from three different locations that may be far apart from each other. Which fossil(s) is (are) the best example of an index fossil?

What effect does precipitation have on the water table?

Where is most of the freshwater on Earth located?

When does groundwater become surface water?

What is an aquifer?

A geologist uncovered a fossil while digging in the side of a hill. He hypothesized that it was most likely from the end of the Paleozoic era or the beginning of the Mesozoic era. How old would the fossil have to be dated in order to support his hypothesis?

According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?

Which processes cause igneous rock to become metamorphic rock?

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