Unit 4 Cell Differentiation

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells. Which process is responsible for changing these cells into specialized cells?

• cell cycle

• cell differentiation

• protein synthesis

• DNA synthesis

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Differentiated cells have the same DNA (genome) as all other cells in an organism.

• True

• False

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Why is cell specialization critical to the survival of an organism?

• It allows the organism to produce new cells quickly and easily.

• It allows existing adult cells to mutate into other types of cells.

• It provides cells that contain the same DNA but perform specialized functions to maintain homeostasis within the organism.

• It is only critical to single-celled organisms.

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Read the passage to answer the question.

Even though scorpions are related to spiders, there are many differences between the two organisms. One difference is that scorpion young do not hatch from eggs as spiders do. Scorpions are born live, two at a time, and they immediately crawl onto the mother's back for protection and care. They remain there for two weeks as they grow big enough to take care of themselves.

Baby scorpions are born with fully developed bodies, each with many special parts such as a stinging tail.

Which process enables baby scorpions to develop various kinds of body parts from a single zygote?

• cell breakdown

• meiosis

• reproduction

• cell differentiation

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Even though every cell in an animal contains the same DNA, each organism contains many types of cells, including epithelial, muscle, and blood cells. The organism contains all of these cells because they –

• are specialized to perform a specific function.

• are mutated from the host DNA.

• are affected by viruses and other bacterial invaders.

• change over time with the cell cycle.

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Why is DNA critical to cell differentiation?

• It mutates and changes rapidly in most organisms.

• It is different in every cell in an organism.

• • 
    

    It contains the genetic code for creating every type of specialized cell within an organism.

• It changes with each type of specialized cell.

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Which of the following is an environmental condition that could influence cell differentiation?

• Mutation in the DNA

• Rate of RNA transcription

• Exposure to high temperature

• Size of the cell