Cell Structure and Function

What is the role of ribosomes?

• To store genetic information.

• To produce glycolipids.

• To synthesize proteins.

• To hydrolyze waste materials.

Which of the following is a difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

• Smooth ER exists in a part of the cell near the cell membrane, while rough ER exists in a part of the cell near the nucleus.

• Smooth ER is not studded by ribosomes, while rough ER is studded by ribosomes.

• Smooth ER is meant to compartmentalize the cell, while rough ER detoxifies and synthesizes lipids.

• Smooth ER is made without the additional help of proteins, whereas rough ER is made with the help of special proteins called reticuloproteins.

Which of the following is the "receiving" side of the Golgi apparatus?

• cis

• trans

• gamma

• iota

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

• Detoxification of the cell and lipid synthesis.

• Protein and rRNA synthesis.

• Synthesis of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate).

• Chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins before they are packaged for trafficking to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell.

In plants, what is the primary function of vacuoles?

• To maintain water pressure inside of the cell.

• To remove waste from inside of the cell.

• To store nutrients inside of the cell.

• To synthesize new membranes for the cell.

Which of the following membrane-bound organelles is responsible for hydrolysis (using enzymes to break down macromolecules)?

• Vacuoles

• Chloroplasts

• Lysosomes

• Peroxisomes

Which of the following is a reason that cells are so small?

• Cells are small because they want to maximize their surface area-to-volume ratio.

• Cells are small because they want to maximize their volume-to-surface area ratio.

• Cells are small because they need to produce extremely small macromolecules.

• Cells are small because they prefer to work together in clusters of many thousands that wouldn't otherwise fit anywhere.

Which of the following is one way that cells increase their surface area without increasing their size?

• Cells will often include perfectly spherical membranes.

• Cells will often include folds in their membranes.

• Cells will often include holes in their membranes.

• Cells will maximize their volume.

What happens to cells as they increase in volume?

• Their radius decreases.

• Their surface area increases.

• Their surface area decreases.

• Their circumference decreases.

Which of the following describes the endosymbiotic theory?

• A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

• A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

• A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

• A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.