Enlightenment & Revolution

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?

• It revived the scientific thinking of ancient Greece and Rome.

• It undermined the authority of the Church.

• It encouraged people to use reason to solve problems.

• It proved the existence of natural rights.

Thinkers of the Enlightenment sought to use natural law to

• find cures for major diseases.

• solve social problems.

• explain the workings of the solar system.

• create lasting works of art.

What historical events were characteristic of the Late/High Enlightenment?

• The Plague

• The Crusades

• Revolutions (especially France)

• Economic collapse (especially America)

the belief that people are the source of political power and have the right to choose their government

• Democracy

• Oligarchy

• Popular sovereignty

• The singularity

The theory that an agreement to exchange some freedoms for protection exists between the people and their ruler or government - if the government breaks this agreement, the people have a right to rebel

• Human rights

• Divine right of Kings

• Social welfare

• Social contract

This English philosopher and feminist argued that the 'divine right of husbands', like the 'divine right of kings', should be done away with

• Olympe de Gouges

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Cesare Beccaria

• John Locke

This enlightenment philosopher argued strongly in favor of free speech as a human right, and criticized intolerance and oppression, especially that of the Catholic Church

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Thomas Hobbes

• Olympe de Gouges

This philosopher firmly believed that life, liberty and property were natural rights of all people. He inspired the Declaration of Independence

• Thomas Hobbes

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

This philosopher was the first to propose two major features of modern American government - Separation of powers and Checks & Balances

• Thomas Hobbes

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Olympe de Gouges

• John Locke

This philosopher had a negative view of human nature, believing that people were generally greedy and selfish.

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Cesare Beccaria

• Thomas Hobbes