Major Sociological Paradigms

What are theoretical paradigms in sociology?

• Models for how to think about things

• Raw facts that interpret themselves

• Assumptions about the social world

• Perspectives on a certain topic

What is the difference between macro and micro orientations in sociology?

• Macro focuses on large-scale structures, while micro focuses on individual interactions

• Macro focuses on individual interactions, while micro focuses on large-scale structures

• Macro focuses on social functions, while micro focuses on social dysfunction

• Macro focuses on social dysfunction, while micro focuses on social functions

Who originated the structural functionalism paradigm in sociology?

• Emile Durkheim

• Karl Marx

• Max Weber

• W.E.B. DuBois

What is a social structure according to structural functionalism?

• Relatively stable patterns of social behavior

• Manifest functions of society

• Latent functions of society

• Social patterns that disrupt the smooth operation of society

What are manifest functions in the context of education?

• Intended and obvious functions, such as teaching knowledge and skills

• Unintended and hidden functions, such as socializing students

• Functions that disrupt the smooth operation of society

• Functions that fulfill certain social functions

What is mechanical solidarity according to Durkheim?

• Solidarity based on similarity and shared values among people who perform the same functions

• Solidarity based on interdependence and cooperation among people who perform different functions

• Solidarity that disrupts the smooth operation of society

• Solidarity that fulfills certain social functions

What is a critique of structural functionalism?

• It can be bad at dealing with change

• It can ignore conflicts and inequalities in society

• It can interpret bad things in society as having positive functions

• All of the above

What is the central conflict in society according to Karl Marx?

• Conflict between capitalists and workers

• Conflict between different racial and ethnic groups

• Conflict between women and men

• Conflict between different social classes

What is historical materialism according to Marx?

• The idea that the material conditions of society shape the social, political, and cultural aspects

• The idea that the material world is dynamic and constantly changing

• The process of change that involves three stages: thesis, antithesis, and synthesis

• The way people produce and distribute goods and services

Who first stated race-conflict theory in sociology?

• W.E.B. DuBois

• Emile Durkheim

• Karl Marx

• Max Weber