SS.7.CG.1.4 The Enlightenment and its Influence

According to John Locke, which agreement did individuals enter into when forming their own society?

• constitution

• social contract

• Mayflower Compact

• English Bill of Rights

According to John Locke, which rights were guaranteed by natural law?

• freedom of worship and the right to petition

• trial by jury and no cruel lpunishments

• freedom of speech and of the press

• life, liberty, and property

Which example illustrates Montesquieu's idea of the separation of powers?

• Citizens of the United States choose many of their public officials in elections.

• The state government of Florida has a governor, state legislature, and state court system.

• Individual rights to life, liberty, and property are guaranteed by natural law.

• People have the right to overthrow an unjust government.

How was Locke's social contract theory related to his belief in natural law?

• He argued subjects had the right to rebel against a ruler who acted against natural law.

• He argued that whatever the king did was good according to natural law.

• He argued that natural law required the colonists to be given their independence.

• He argued that God had especially chosen kings to rule over their subjects as part of natural law.

What most attracted the Founding Fathers to Montesquieu's idea of the separation of powers?

• It could prevent the central government from becoming tyrannical and oppressive.

• It could protect the rights of the nobility from the actions of the king.

• It could preserve the privileges of the monarch and nobles from popular attack.

• It could raise judicial power to a level of equality with legislative and executive power.

Which of the following were most similar?

• the Mayflower Compact and John Locke's social contract theory

• the English Bill of Rights and Thomas Paine's Common Sense

• Magna Carta and Montesquieu's separation of powers

• the Mayflower Compact and Montesquieu's separation of powers

Which statement describes the influence of natural-law beliefs on John Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers?

• They argued it was natural for subjects to obey established governments.

• The questioned any practices that seemed to go against reason and natural law.

• They believed that royal power was natural because it was based on divine right.

• They claimed church teachings should not be challenged since they rested on natural law.

~announced the formation of the U.S. and "broke up" with England

~gave the reasons for separating

~told America's philosophy of government

• The Declaration of Independence

• The U.S. Constitution

• The Bill of Rights

• The Mayflower Compact

How do we know that the Founding Fathers were influenced by the idea of social contract?

• When the U.S. Constitution was written, it included the idea of a social contract because it argued that the British broke their part of the contract when they failed to protect the rights of the colonists.

• When the Declaration of Independence was written, it included the idea of a social contract because it argued that the British broke their part of the contract when they failed to protect the rights of the colonists.

According to Montesquieu, why should government powers be separated?

• Government powers must be separated so that the president is the most powerful.

• Government powers must be separated so that the king doesn't abuse power.

• Government powers must be separated to avoid the abuse of power by any particular branch.

• Government powers must be separated so that the legislature does not make laws.