The process by which a star like our Sun exhausts its nuclear fuel and expands, eventually shedding its outer layers, is known as:

• Supernova

• Black hole formation

• Red giant phase

• Planetary nebula

Which space telescope was launched in 1990 and has provided breathtaking images of distant galaxies and nebulae?

• Kepler Space Telescope

• Hubble Space Telescope

• Chandra X-ray Observatory

• James Webb Space Telescope

What is the name of the region in space where the Earth's magnetic field is strongest and protects us from solar wind particles?

• Magnetosphere

• Exosphere

• Thermosphere

• Mesosphere

What is the term for a point in space where the gravitational forces of two large objects, such as Earth and the Moon, balance the centrifugal force felt by a smaller object, allowing it to remain in a stable position?

• Lagrange point

• Event horizon

• Roche limit

• Geosynchronous orbit

What is the name of the first human-made object to reach interstellar space, which was launched by NASA in 1977?

• Voyager 1

• Pioneer 10

• New Horizons

• Mars Rover

Which planet in our solar system has the most extensive system of rings?

• Saturn

• Jupiter

• Uranus

• Neptune

What is the term for the phenomenon where light from a distant object is bent by the gravitational field of a massive object, such as a galaxy or black hole?

• Lensing effect

• Redshift

• Cosmic microwave background

• Dark matter

The concept that the universe is constantly expanding and that distant galaxies are moving away from us in all directions is known as:

• The Big Bang theory

• The Steady State theory

• Pulsar theory

• The Heliocentric theory

What is the smallest planet in our solar system?

• Earth

• Venus

• Jupiter

• Mercury

Which moon of Saturn is known for its geysers of water ice and a subsurface ocean?

• Titan

• Enceladus

• Europa

• Io