Heat Transfer and Wind Patterns

Surface sand warms the air above it

• by conduction

• by convection

• by radiation

• by conduction and convection

Answer explanation

The surface sand warms the air above it through both conduction and convection. Conduction is the process where heat is transferred through direct contact, in this case between the sand and the air. Convection then circulates this warmed air, distributing the heat. Therefore, the correct answer is 'by conduction and convection'.

Heat transfer from the sun to Earth

• by conduction

• by convection

• by radiation

• by conduction and convection

Answer explanation

The heat transfer from the sun to Earth happens by radiation. This is because space is a vacuum and conduction or convection cannot occur in a vacuum. Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can move energy through the vacuum of space, from the sun to the Earth.

The sun reaches the air in our atmosphere, the air warms, and the air rises. Then, cooler air flows in to replace this rising air.

• by conduction

• by convection

• by radiation

• by conduction and convection

Answer explanation

The process described in the question is convection. In convection, heat is transferred through the movement of fluids or gases. The sun heats the air in our atmosphere, causing it to rise. Cooler air then flows in to replace the rising warm air. This continuous cycle of warm air rising and cool air replacing it is a classic example of convection.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What type of heat transfer takes place from the sun to Earth?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• Conduction and Convection

Answer explanation

The heat transfer from the sun to Earth occurs through radiation. This is because radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, which can travel through the vacuum of space. Conduction and convection, on the other hand, require a medium (like a solid, liquid, or gas) to transfer heat, which is not present in space between the sun and Earth.

Light energy heats surface sand.

• by conduction

• by convection

• by radiation

• by conduction and convection

Answer explanation

Light energy heats surface sand primarily through conduction and convection. Conduction occurs when heat is transferred through direct contact between sand particles, while convection involves the movement of heated particles, causing the heat to spread. Both processes work together to heat the surface sand.

Cool air replaced by warm air that rises from the surface of Earth

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• evaporation

Answer explanation

Convection is the correct answer because it involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, such as air. In this case, cool air is replaced by warm air rising from the Earth's surface, which is a characteristic of convection. Conduction, radiation, and evaporation are not the correct processes for this phenomenon.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Warmer air is pushed upward and out of the way by cooler air.

• Radiation

• Conduction

• Evaporation

• Convection

Answer explanation

Convection is the correct answer because it involves the movement of warmer air being pushed upward and out of the way by cooler air. This process occurs due to differences in temperature and density, causing the circulation of fluids or gases. Radiation, conduction, and evaporation do not involve this specific movement of air.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Electromagnetic radiation transfers energy from the sun to Earth.

• Radiation

• Convection

• Conduction

Answer explanation

The correct answer is Radiation. Electromagnetic radiation is the method by which energy is transferred from the sun to Earth. Convection and Conduction are other forms of heat transfer, but they are not responsible for transferring energy from the sun to Earth.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

Cooler air molecules come in contact with warm ground, causing energy to be passed to the air

• Conduction then Convection

• Radiation then Convection

• Convection then Conduction

Answer explanation

The correct answer is Conduction then Convection. When cooler air molecules come in contact with the warm ground, energy is transferred through conduction. This process heats the air molecules, causing them to rise and create a convection current, which further distributes the heat.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What breeze is this?

• Sea Breeze

• Land Breeze

Answer explanation

The question asks about a type of breeze. The correct answer is Sea Breeze, which is a breeze that blows from the sea towards the land. This occurs due to the temperature difference between the land and sea, causing the cooler air from the sea to move towards the warmer land. Land Breeze, on the other hand, blows from the land towards the sea and occurs during the night when the land cools down faster than the sea.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6