Unit 2 Assessment_Review

What is the relationship between the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?

• They are two opposing schools of thought on what makes the natural world function the way it does, and the tension between them continues to this day.
• The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution are two names for the same thing social, political, and academic movement.
• In the early twentieth century, long after Enlightenment ideas took hold, science became accepted as a legitimate academic subject.
• The Scientific Revolution was earlier, and the big questions it asked led to even broader philosophical debates that started the Enlightenment.

How did the movement known as The Enlightenment get its name?

• The earlier Scientific revolution resulted in technology that could produce artificial light.
• Heavy, burdensome systems of government were finally being challenged made “light” by new ways of thinking.
• Thinkers and writers were shining “light” on topics that hadn’t been examined before.
• The name came much later than that actual movement, during the “Age of Reason”, when a new generation of philosophers put names to past movements.

In what way did The Enlightenment lead to calls for the abolition of slavery?

• Enlightenment philosophers were largely in favor slavery, and this produced a backlash that motivate abolitionists to counter their ideas.
• The Enlightenment philosophers were unanimously opposed to slavery, and as the movement gained traction, so did abolitionism.
• Some Enlightenment thinkers emphasized our shared humanity and rights, which led to pro-abolitionist thinking.
• Enlightenment ideals promoted the notion that all people were essentially equal, regardless of wealth, gender and race.

In addition to rising taxes and the spread of enlightenment ideas, what happened in 1788 that contributed strongly to starting the French Revolution?

• Olympe de Gouges published “Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen”, encouraging many women to fight for better rights.
• It was the year Isaac Newton’s “Principia” was published, which changed how people thought about “natural law”.
• It was the year King Louis XVI moved to Paris, which the bourgeoise saw as a sign that the monarchy did not care about the people.
• The year saw a bad harvest, and the shortage of bread made many people hungry, then angry, then rebellious.

Why do some historians say the Seven Years’ War (England against France, 1756-1763) helped cause both the French and American revolutions?

• New weapons technologies, especially advanced firearms, proved very effective in the Seven Years War, and that emboldened revolutionaries to organize their own armies.
• After such a long, global war, some historians argue that a “war mentality” pervaded the French and American colonial populations, and rebellion became more appealing than it had ever been.
• At the end of the Seven Years’ War, both nations came out ahead financially – but that made the poorer classes in both places even angrier that they were not being given a fair share.
• England and France were both financially crippled by the Seven Years’ War, so they were vulnerable to rebellion by the people they ruled over.

Which of the following most strongly qualifies as a revolutionary action?

• The Treaty of Paris (1783)
• The Coercive Acts (1774)
• The Stamp Act (1765)
• The Storming of the Bastille (1789)

What is an example of a revolution in one region inspiring people in another region to revolt?

• French revolutionaries were inspired by the outcome of the American Revolution.
• North American colonial revolutionaries were inspired by the creation of Bolivar’s “Gran Colombia”.
• The French Revolution was inspired by the boldness of the Haitian revolution.
• American revolutionaries were inspired by the success of the French Revolution.

What do many scholars, including John Green, argue was the most revolutionary aspect of the American Revolution?

• The uniquely effective application of philosophy, rather than physical power, to win independence
• Its status as the first ever rebellion by mostly enslaved people successfully removing the imperialists who had controlled them
• The use of non-violent resistance to send imperial troops away, regardless of the king’s orders
• The rejection of a monarchy and its replacement with a government that was not a monarchy

In pre-revolutionary France, people were divided among three different socioeconomic classes, called Estates. The First was clergy and nobility was the Second. Who made up the Third Estate?

• Foreign-born people living in France
• Everyone else
• Members of government
• Children

For what reasons was Napoleon able to become dictator?

• General political chaos created a need for a strong leader, and Napoleon had control of the army
• Robespierre had a plan in place to make Napoleon dictator upon his death
• He was born into the Bourbon Dynasty and was next in line to the throne
• Louis XVI was Napoleon's uncle in law