QCAA Psychology - Hudson (1960)

Identify which depth cue explored by Hudson (1960) is demonstrated by the image shown.

• Texture gradient

• Linear perspective

• Relative size

• Interposition

Answer explanation

The image demonstrates interposition because object B is overlapping object A, thus object B appears closer.

Identify the correct meaning of social influences.

• Personality traits like extraversion that make people more sociable.

• The ideas, customs and social behaviour of a society or a particular group of people.

• Social aspects of life that arise from the environment and someone's upbringing.

• A score that indicates someone's social media presence.

Answer explanation

Social factors include almost anything that arises from a person's environment and upbringing, including family, lifestyle, cultural norms, religion, gender, level of education, etc.

Complete the following sentence by identifying the correct words.

Pictorial depth cues are the sources of information in a ____-dimensional image that allow our brains to perceive

____-dimensional relationships between the objects in that image.

• three, two

• two, three

Recall the method used by Hudson (1960) to test for cultural differences on visual perception.

• Showing pictures with different depth cues.

• Showing pictures of hunting scenes.

• Showing split drawings and impossible figures.

• Showing sets of images in order to prime participants' interpretations of ambiguous images.

Answer explanation

Materials included 11 outline drawings and one photograph. The first outline drawing was a hunting scene showing a hunter, elephant and antelope, the second was also a hunting scene showing a hunter, a flying bird and an elephant.

Identify the aim of Hudson's (1960) study.

• To investigate pictorial representation in remote Ethiopian communities.

• To investigate the role of frequency in developing perceptual set.

• To investigate the influence of perceptual set on depth perception.

• To study cultural differences in depth perception (Subcultural Africa vs Caucasian).

Identify the research method used by Hudson (1960).

• Quasi, independent groups experimental design.

• Independent groups experimental design.

• Correlational design.

• Repeated measures experimental design.

Answer explanation

Hudson used a quasi, independent groups experimental design because he used naturally occurring groups (African vs White) to test the influence of culture and the participants in each group were unique so that their scores were independent.

Determine which response(s) to the image shown would have seen participants classified as 3D perceivers.

Select ALL correct options.

• The antelope was nearer the hunter.

• The elephant was nearer the hunter.

• The hunter was facing the antelope.

• The hunter was aiming his spear at the elephant.

Answer explanation

3D perceivers would respond that the antelope was nearer the hunter or if they thought the hunter was facing the antelope.

2D perceivers would respond that the elephant was nearer the hunter or if they thought the hunter was facing the elephant.

Determine which response to the image would have been made by participants classified as 3D perceivers.

• The antelope was closest to the man.

• The bird was closest to the man.

• The elephant was closest to the man.

• They were all equally close to each other.

Recall where the participants in Hudson's (1960) study were tested.

• South Africa

• Ethiopian highlands

• Ethiopian lowlands

• Mekan

Answer explanation

The study included 562 school-attending and non-school-attending participants from African subcultures, referred to as 'African' in the study, and 'White' (caucasian). All participants were tested in South Africa.

Identify the depth cue(s) that are represented in the image shown.

Select ALL correct options.

• Height in visual field

• Linear perspective

• Relative size

• Interposition

Answer explanation

The answer is interposition and relative size.

Interposition is also known as overlap or occlusion because the superimposed image appears closer when one object overlaps another. In this image, the antelope blocks the hill behind it, which in turn, blocks part of the hill that the elephant is on, meaning that the antelope is closest while the elephant is further away.

We know from experience that an elephant is much larger than an antelope. In this image, the elephant appears smaller relative to the antelope, suggesting that the elephant is further away.