Cell Division and Cancer: Play until you get all correct

In the chromosome below, which set of letters identify sister chromatids?

• A and B

• A and E

• A and C

• D and E

Answer explanation

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome formed during DNA replication. In the given chromosome, A and C represent these identical copies, making them the correct choice for sister chromatids.

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If a parent cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes the process of mitosis, both daughters cells will inherit

___ _________________.

• 46 chromosomes

• 23 chromosomes

• 92 chromosomes

• 12 chromosomes

Answer explanation

In mitosis, a parent cell with 46 chromosomes divides to produce two identical daughter cells, each inheriting the same number of chromosomes. Therefore, both daughter cells will have 46 chromosomes.

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Which phase of mitosis would you expect to observe the two sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

• Prophase

• Anaphase

• Metaphase

• Telophase

Answer explanation

During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. This is the key event that distinguishes anaphase from other phases of mitosis, such as prophase, metaphase, and telophase.

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At the end of mitosis, the cytoplasm will divide into two daughter cells. What is this phase of the cell cycle called?

• Prophase

• Telophase

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

Answer explanation

Cytokinesis is the phase where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells after mitosis. It follows telophase, completing the cell division process.

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Which of the following statements best describes the result of uncontrolled cell growth in the body?

• It often results in improved cell function.

• It typically leads to the formation of a tumor, leading to cancer.

• It enhances the body's ability to fight infections.

• It usually increases the efficiency of cellular metabolism.

Answer explanation

Uncontrolled cell growth disrupts normal cellular regulation, often resulting in the formation of tumors. These tumors can be benign or malignant, with malignant tumors leading to cancer, making this the best description of the outcome.

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

• Interphase

Answer explanation

The cell spends the most time in Interphase, which includes G1, S, and G2 phases, allowing for growth and DNA replication. Mitosis and Cytokinesis are much shorter processes compared to Interphase.

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During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

• S phase

Answer explanation

DNA is copied during the S phase of the cell cycle, which stands for synthesis. This phase occurs before mitosis and cytokinesis, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?

• Interphase

• Mitosis

• S phase

Answer explanation

The cell divides during mitosis, which is the phase of the cell cycle specifically responsible for the separation of duplicated chromosomes into two new nuclei. Interphase and S phase are preparatory stages, not division.

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Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?

• Interphase

• Metaphase

• Telophase

Answer explanation

The picture shows chromosomes aligned at the cell's equator, characteristic of metaphase. During this phase, spindle fibers attach to the centromeres, ensuring proper separation during the next phase of mitosis.

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Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

• Metaphase

• Cytokinesis

• Cancer

• Diabetes

Answer explanation

Uncontrolled cell division that leads to tumors and diseases is known as cancer. It occurs when the regulatory mechanisms of cell growth fail, resulting in the formation of malignant tumors.

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