Carbon Compounds

Cells are largely made of organic compounds that contain carbon. Which property of the carbon atom makes it an essential component of organic compounds?

• A. Carbon is a nonmetal.

• B. Carbon oxidizes to carbon dioxide.

• C. Carbon is solid at room temperature.

• D. Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The element carbon has multiple bonding patterns. Which bonding pattern cannot be formed by carbon?

• A. C—C

• B. C—C—C

• C. C=C=C

• D. C≡C≡C

Which statement best describes how amino acids become polymers?

• A. Water is added as amino acids link to form proteins.

• B. Water is released as amino acids break apart to form proteins.

• C. Peptide bonds link amino acids together as proteins form.

• D. Peptide bonds break between amino acids as proteins form.

Which statement correctly describes how a protein is formed?

• A. A monosaccharide bonded to a side chain is broken apart.

• B. Amino acids are bonded together in a long chain to form a new molecule.

• C. A molecule containing glycerol bonded to three fatty acids is broken apart.

• D. A nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group combine to form a new molecule.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

• A. Atoms are linked to form a compound.

• B. Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

• C. Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer.

• D. Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Use the diagram to answer the following question. Which statement best describes the event shown in the diagram?

• A. Glucose is being synthesized in the chloroplast using nitrogen from plants.

• B. Amino acid monomers are joining together to form a protein macromolecule.

• C. A polymer in the nucleus is being broken into its individual monomer subunits.

• D. Lipid molecules are forming fatty acid chains in a dehydration synthesis reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Use the chart to answer the question. Which biological molecules are most likely represented by molecules 1 and 2?

• A. molecule 1: lipid molecule 2: nucleic acid

• B. molecule 1: lipid molecule 2: protein

• C. molecule 1: carbohydrate molecule 2: nucleic acid

• D. molecule 1: carbohydrate molecule 2: protein

Use the diagram to answer the following question. Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how cellulose is formed within living organisms?

• A. It is assembled by bonding individual atoms.

• B. It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.

• C. It is the product of the decomposition of a much larger molecule.

• D. It is the result of a physical change that alters the shape of a compound.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating?

• A. The waxy coating is a protein that can help attract other organisms for pollination.

• B. The waxy coating is a protein that can help release waste molecules during transpiration.

• C. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help absorb more sunlight in hot environments.

• D. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?

• A. The sequence of monomers in a carbohydrate stores genetic information, and the bonds in a nucleic acid store energy.

• B. The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information.

• C. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions.

• D. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane.