Cell Differentiation and Specialization

Stem cells are

• undifferentiated and can be any type of cell
• never go through cell division
• only found in embryos

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Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 
• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 
• Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 

What is cell differentiation?

• Process by which cells produce more cells
• Process by which cells become specialized
• Process by which cells become unspecialized

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What is one goal of cellular differentiation/specialization?

• To create specialized cells to help organism maintain homeostasis.
• To make stem cells
• to make single celled organisms

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Stem cells are

• undifferentiated and can be any type of cell
• never go through cell division
• only found in embryos

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What cellular components are the same in all living organisms?

• Nuclei

• Nucleotides

• DNA sequences

Which property is shared by the cells of all living things?

• The cells contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

• The cells have chromosomes that are located inside a membrane-bound nucleus.

• The cells rely on mitochondria to carry out aerobic cellular respiration.

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Which of these components are found in the cells of all living organisms?

 

Select TWO correct answers.

• Cytosine

• Cellulose

• Mitochondria

• Guanine

Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA.

The results provide evidence that —

• similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA

• fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits

• heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms

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Which statement best describes a similarity among trees, cats, and amoebas?

• They are prokaryotic organisms.

• They have genomes that consist of the same number of genes.

• They contain DNA composed of the same four types of nucleotides.

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