Dynamic Fluids

Look at the picture bellow!

Flow Rate

If the trajectory of a point in an ideal fluid flow is depicted, a line will be obtained which is called a flow line (streamline or laminar flow). An ideal fluid flows in a pipe. Each fluid particle will flow following its laminar flow line and cannot move or intersect with other flow lines. In reality, you will find it difficult to find the ideal fluid. Most fluid flows in nature are turbulent. Turbulent flow lines have different flow speeds at each point. This phenomenon is always related to the flow rate in a pipe or pipeline.

Question

Which of the following statements is incorrect about flow rate in the fluids?

Instruction

Choose the best answer!

• Flow rate is a quantity that shows the volume of fluid that flows through a cross-section per unit time.

• Flow rate depends on the area of the pipe or channel through which the liquid flows, and the speed of the liquid.

• The flow rate will always be the same along the pipe or pipeline.

• The flow rate will be different along the pipe or pipeline.

• The flow rate will remain constant if the pipe cross-sectional area is reduced.

Read the text bellow!

Flow Rate Applications on Daily Life

Flow rate is important in a variety of fields, including chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and environmental science, and has many practical applications. Some examples of flow rate applications include:

a. Chemical Industry: In the chemical industry, flow rate is used to measure how much chemical flows through a channel or pipe during the production of a chemical process.

b. Water Treatment: Flow rate is used to measure how fast water flows through a water treatment line, such as in a drinking water treatment plant or wastewater treatment plant.

c. Mechanical Engineering: Flow rate is important in fluid machines, such as pumps, compressors, and turbines. This helps determine how efficient the machine is at moving fluid.

d. Vehicles: In vehicles, flow rate is an important parameter in the fuel and cooling system. This helps control the fuel supply to the engine and ensures the engine does not overheat.

e. Environmental Science: Flow rates are used to monitor water flow in streams, rivers, and other water systems for environmental monitoring and management.

The following image shows the measurement of pressure in a fluid flow in a pipe.

Question

Which statement is correct regarding the relationship between flow rate and pressure based on the picture above?

Instruction

Choose more than 1 answer!

Read the text and picture bellow!

Power on Waterfall

 Waterfalls are fluid motion energy that can be used to generate electricity. The fluid flow power is estimated in such a way that it can be used optimally. Electrical power generation measurements can be observed from the movement of the generator turbine wheel.

Question

Which of the following statements is correct? Except.

 

Instruction

Choose the best answer!

• A high waterfall will produce great power

• The power depends on the size of the flow rate

• The power produced is proportional to the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid

• The area of fluid flow will affect the amount of power produced

• The greater the density of the flowing fluid, the greater the power generated

• 1.000 m/s

• 0.500 m/s

• 0.628 m/s

• 0.300 m/s

• 0.750 m/s

• 4000 Pa

• 5000 Pa

• 5120 Pa

• 4080 Pa

• 3850 Pa

Read the text bellow !

Application of Pitot Tube

A pitot tube is a tool for measuring the flow of a gas in a pipe. Usually pitot tubes are used to determine wind speed in tunnels, measure air speed in airplanes, etc. An engineer is measuring the speed of water flow in a pipe using a pitot tube. He found that the difference in mercury height between the static tube and the dynamic tube was 12 cm. On the other hand, if he wants to measure the flow of water using Torricelli's equation, he gets a value for the height of the water column of 60 cm in the tube.

Question

What is the speed of water flow in the pipe?

 

Instruction

Calculate the speed of water flow in the pipe using Torricelli's equation!

• 24.6 m/s

• 15.5 m/s

• 12.0 m/s

• 3.46 m/s

• 1.55 m/s

Read the text below!

Bernoulli's principle

Daniel Bernoulli was a Swiss scientist and mathematician who lived in the 18th century. He is a member of the Bernoulli family which is famous in the world of science. His most famous discovery and work is Bernoulli's law. Bernoulli's law is a basic principle in fluid science that details the relationship between fluid flow velocity, pressure, and potential energy in a flowing fluid. Bernoulli's law states that in an inviscous, incompressible fluid flow, the total amount of energy retained in the fluid is constant. It describes the relationship between the three components of energy: potential energy, kinetic energy, and pressure energy.

 

Question

Details of the types of application of Bernoulli's principle and its explanation.

Instructions

Choose more than 1 answer!

• The application of Bernoulli's principle in airplane flight is related to the decrease in temperature over the wing

• A pitot tube is a tool that uses Bernoulli's principle to measure fluid flow velocity

• A Venturi tube is a tool that uses Bernoulli's principle which is used in making musical instruments

• Application of Bernoulli's principle in a spraying device such as a water spray causes an increase in water pressure

• Bernoulli's principle is used in hydraulic circuits to cause changes in fluid flow velocity to cause changes in pressure