Earth Science Test 005

Match the following

• Stress

• When two plates are pushing toward each other-squeezes rock causing it to fold or break

• Compression

• when two blocks of rock are pushing in opposite directions-sliding motion causes rock to break or change shape

• shearing

• Change to a rock's shape caused by stress

• tension

• Force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume

• Strain

• when two plates move away from each other-pulls and stretches rock

Match the following

• Plastic strain

• is a change in rock that is NOT permanent.  When the stress is removed, the rock returns to its original shape.

• Strain

• a change in a rock’s shape caused by stress.

• Elastic strain

• creates a permanent change in the shape of a rock.

Match the following

• Faults & Fault Zones

• Compression

• Continental Rifts & Mid-Ocean Ridges

• Tension

• Ocean Trenches & Mountain Ranges

• Shearing

Match the following

• Convergent

• Tension

• Transform

• Compression

• Divergent

• Shearing

Match the following

• Volcanic arcs

• forms when the tension causes the oceanic crust to spread, allowing hot rock from the mantle to rise, creating high ridges.

• mid-ocean ridge

• form when there is a collision of two continental plates.

• Ocean trenches

• form as one plate goes under another plate during the collision, creating a deep trench where the two plates meet.

• Mountain ranges

• forms when divergent boundaries cause an enormous split in the crust.

• continental rift

• curved lines of volcanoes that form parallel to plate boundaries. 

Match the following

• lava

• volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean.

• island arc

• the molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gasses, and water from the mantle.

• volcano

• a weak spot in Earth’s crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface.

• Ring of Fire

• When magma reaches the Earth’s surface before it cools.

• Magma

•  string of islands created by volcanoes near boundaries where two oceanic plates collide, and one sinks beneath the other.

Match the following

• pipe

• Passage inside the volcano that is a pocket for magma.

• Vent

•  an area covered by lava as it flows out of a vent.

• Lava Flow

• when gasses bubble gently and lava oozes quietly due to its low silica content.

• magma chamber

• Rock and gas can leave the volcano through this opening

• quiet eruption

• connects the magma chamber to Earth’s surface

Match the following

• explosive eruption

• fast-moving, hot lava)

• aa

• an eruption that hurls out ash, cinders, and bombs.

• pahoehoe

• ava that is cooler and slower moving

•  pyroclastic flow

• magma with high silica content

Match the following

• active volcano

•  Volcano is not active but may become active.

• dormant volcano

• Volcano unlikely to erupt again.

• extinct volcano

•  Volcano is currently erupting or shows signs of potentially erupting again soon.

Match the following

• cinder cone volcano

• a huge hole left by a volcanic mountain’s collapse.

• Composite volcano

• stratovolcano,  a tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash.  They typically have a large crater at the top.

• shield volcano

• a high, level area built up over time from lava seeping out of several cracks and then traveling a distance before cooling and solidifying.

• lava plateau

• occurs when lava flows out and gradually builds a broad, sloping mountain.  It has a wide base and a flat top. 

• caldera

• the smallest and most common volcano found. When lava has a high viscosity, it produces ash, cinders, and bombs, which all build up around the vent in a steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain.