Working Class & Child Labor Review

Use the text to answer the question.

"The Pullman Company made railway cars

at the time. In the late nineteenth century, the company

cut workers’ pay. For that, it was the target of a major

nationwide workers’ strike. The strike began south of

Chicago in a town called Pullman. The company owned

the entire town. So in Pullman, Illinois, the Pullman

Company set the price of rent. Whatever the workers

earned went right back to the company’s owners in the

form of rent. The owners got wealthier. Meanwhile,

workers struggled to make ends meet."

In the late 19th century, what issue led to a nationwide workers' strike against the Pullman Company?

• High rent prices

• Long working hours

• Lack of job opportunities

• Unfair taxes

Use the text to answer the question.

"Karl Marx was a German social scientist. He described

industrial capitalism in great detail. Marx described his

idea of the means of production, capital and wage labor.

He also invented the term proletariat. It described the

entire class of wage workers who can only earn money

by selling their labor. Over time, workers in many places

began to consider themselves part of the proletariat.

They saw themselves as part of a social class with

shared difficulties. Altogether, it brought them a step

closer to the labor movements. Such movements would

demand improvements to this system."

Which term did Karl Marx coin to describe the entire class of wage workers who can only earn money by selling their labor?

• Proletariat

• Capitalist

• Industrialist

• Unionist

Use the text to answer the question.

"There were many unions, strikes and protests across the globe during the long nineteenth century. However,

the groups’ beliefs were not the same. Some labor movements pushed for reforms. Others demanded revolution.

Reformers wanted improvements like better pay, safer conditions, and generally fair treatment. Meanwhile,

revolutionists wanted to end the capitalist system. They aimed to replace it with something else."

What did Labor Unions ask for?

• Better pay

• Safer Conditions

• Fair Treatment

• All of the above

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"Workers formed unions in individual factories, whole industries, or even at the national level. Unions were an

important part of many labor movements. They often expressed their demands for better working conditions

through strikes and protests. Strike rates increased steadily in the nineteenth century. Workers became more

organized. A global economic downturn, however, lasted from the 1870s to 1900. It meant that many workers were

either laid off or had their wages cut. Soon even more unrest unfolded."

What was the main reason for the increase in strike rates during the 19th century?

• A global economic downturn

• More jobs available

• increased pay

• Reduced rents

Use the text to answer the question.

"There were many unions, strikes and protests across the globe during the long nineteenth century. However,

the groups’ beliefs were not the same. Some labor movements pushed for reforms. Others demanded revolution.

Reformers wanted improvements like better pay, safer conditions, and generally fair treatment. Meanwhile,

revolutionists wanted to end the capitalist system. They aimed to replace it with something else."

What was the primary difference between reformist labor movements and revolutionary labor movements?

• Revolutionists aimed to end the capitalist system, while reformists wanted to improve conditions.

• Reformists demanded better pay, safer conditions, and fair treatment, while revolutionists wanted to maintain the status quo.

• Reformists and revolutionists had identical goals and methods.

Match the following terms to the defintions

• economic activity, making finished goods

• Factory

• a person who works in a factory

• Finished (or Manufactured) Goods

• The product made from raw materials.

• Raw Materials

• the basic material of a product

• Industry

• A large building, machinery makes goods

• factory worker

Use the text to answer the question.

"Work changed a lot during Industrial Revolution. The

“long nineteenth century” (1750–1914) saw a rise of

industrialization and wage labor, especially in Western

Europe and North America. Under industrial capitalism,

the systems of production changed and expanded. The

result was fewer family-run farms and shops. More and

more, they were replaced by large factories and wage

labor. This shift had big consequences for how people

earned a living."

What were the consequences of the Industrial Revolution on work and employment?

• Decreased demand for labor

• Move people moving out of the cities

• More people working in factories for wages

• A shift toward more agricultural jobs

Use the text to answer the question.

"Many parents went to work at low-wage jobs. Children,

who otherwise would have helped out at home,

increasingly took on semi-skilled labor, but they were

paid about one-tenth what adults earned. They could

handle simple tasks and were usually obedient workers,

so they were in demand. Typically, their work was

repetitive and unhealthy."

How did children's wages compare to those of adults when they took on semi-skilled labor during the Industrial Revolution?

• Children earned the same as adults

• Children earned about half of what adults earned

• Children earned about one-tenth of what adults earned

• Children earned more than adults

Use the text to answer the question.

"By the beginning of the twentieth century, dissatisfaction

among workers had grown. Workers were joined by

socially conscious individuals such as Lewis Hine in

fighting for reforms. This movement was most notable

in the United States and Western Europe. There,

important reforms created standards for labor. These

eventually led to work-free weekends, eight-hour work

days, and a minimum wage. In most other parts of the

world, industrial capitalism raged on. Children provided

much of its workforce."

What was a major success of reform movement in the United States and Western Europe?

• Longer work days

• more kids working in the factories

• work-free weekends, 8 hour work days, minimum wage

• Poor conditions in factories

Use the text to answer the question

"Child labor had begun to conflict with emerging moral

ideas. Increasingly, critics called for change toward the

end of the nineteenth century... The most effective reforms were those that

increased the cost of child labor. In addition, adult

workers were competing for work with children. These

adults often lobbied against child labor to protect their

jobs. At the same time, machines started to replace

many child laborers."

What combination of factors contributed to the reduction of child labor during the early 20th century?

• Moral objections and the availability of adult workers

• Economic factors, moral objections, and the use of machines

• Strict government regulations and the increase in child labor costs

• Union demands and the introduction of child labor laws