born on October 14, 1939 in Los Angeles, California

• Betty Neuman

• Sr. Callista Roy

• Imogene King

• Patricia Benner

FROM NOVICE TO EXPERT: EXCELLENCE AND POWER IN CLINICAL NURSING PRACTICE

• Imogene King

• Faye Glenn Abdellah

• Patricia Benner

• Sr. Callista Roy

A biophysical being in constant interaction with a changing environment.

• Person

• Environment

• Health

• Nursing

__ is the degree of wholeness achieved by adapting to changes in needs.

• Flexibility
• Stagnation
• Integrity

• Resistance

It is about the increase, enhancement, modification and alteration of the stimulus to achieve adaptation.

• Health

• Person

• Nursing

• Environment

Is a set of parts connected to function as a whole for some purpose & that does so by virtue of the interdependence of its parts.

• Metaparadigm

• System

• Stimuli

• Control processes

the internal or external stimulus most immediately confronting the person, it attracts the most attention.

• Focal

• Contextual

• Residual

are innate or acquired ways of interacting with the changing environment

• Control Processes

• Coping Mechanism

• Regulator Subsystem

is a major coping process involving four cognitive-emotive channels: perceptual & information processing; learning; judgment & emotion

• Adaptive Modes

• Coping Mechanism

• Cognator Subsystem

can be used to identify adaptive or ineffective responses by observing a person’s behavior

• Adaptation Level

• Adaptation Modes