Match the description with the Vocabulary Word.

• Thermopylae

• Formation of soldiers with shields standing close together to form a wall.

• Council of Elders

• Group of leaders in ancient Sparta who made all important governing decisions.

• Oligarchy

• Made up of a large group of Athenian citizens whose job was to assist in governing the city-states by passing laws, electing officials, and making military decisions.

• Assembly

• Famous battle in 480 BC where a small Spartan army held off the Persian military in a mountain pass.

• Phalanx

• A small group of leaders having ruling power over a country, organization, or institution.

Match the description with the correct Vocabulary word.

• Direct Democracy

• A form of government in which decisions are made by the citizens speaking for themselves rather than a body of elected representatives.

• Xerxes

• Naval battle between the Greeks and Persians in a narrow channel of water that led to the Greeks final defeat of the Persians.

• Leonidas

• Greek colonies and city-states in Asia Minor that revolted against Persian rule with the assistance of Athens.
• Ionian Revolt

• King of Sparta and hero at Thermopylae; died in battle along with his soldiers saving the Greek city-states.

• Battle of Salamis

• Persian King who was the son of Darius, vowed revenge on the Greek city-states.

Match the following

• Themistocles

• Ruler of Persia during the Ionian Revolt and led the invasion of Greece in the Battle of Marathon

• Trireme

• Athenian military leader who convinced Athens to build a navy to defeat the Persians.

• Battle of Marathon

• Major Mesopotamian empire that reached from Egypt to India that would flourish in the Middle East from 550-330 BCE

• Persian Empire

• Greek warship with three tiers of oars that could move quickly through the waters and ram enemy ships.

• Darius I

• Battle in 490 BCE where Persia was defeated in an early invasion of Greece by an Athenian army

Considered the birthplace of democracy. In the 5th century BCE, the city was governed by a system of direct democracy, where citizens (excluding women, slaves, and non-citizens) could participate in decision-making through an Assembly. This democratic system allowed citizens to have a say in issues of governance and lawmaking.

• Athens

• Sparta

Primarily a militaristic society. Renowned for their disciplined and well-trained army. From a young age, boys underwent rigorous military training, known as the Agoge, which emphasized physical fitness, combat skills, and discipline.

• Athens

• Sparta

Cultural hub of the ancient world. It was home to famous philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, and the playwrights Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. The city also hosted major cultural and intellectual events, including theater performances and philosophical debates.

• Athens

• Sparta

Education was highly valued. Boys of citizen families received a basic education in subjects like reading, writing, and arithmetic. More advanced education focused on philosophy, rhetoric, and physical education. Girls, on the other hand, received less formal education and were primarily taught domestic skills.

• Athens

• Sparta

Had a dual monarchy with two kings and an oligarchic council known as the Gerousia. The council of elders, made up of older male citizens, played a significant role in the decision-making process.

• Athens

• Sparta

Relied on a slave class called helots to support their agricultural needs. Helots were usually conquered peoples, and their subjugation was a fundamental aspect of this society. Helots were treated harshly, and their primary function was to work the land and provide for the citizens.

• Athens

• Sparta

Slavery was a significant part of this society. Enslaved people were used for various tasks, from manual labor to household chores. Slavery was seen as a natural part of the social order, and enslaved individuals had few rights.

• Athens

• Sparta