Chapter 4 Biology Study Guide

Three things have to be true in order for natural selection to occur:

1. There is ​ (a)   in a population.

2. 2. This variation is ​ (b)   down from one ​ (c)   to another.

3. 3. The variation makes an ​ (d)   more likely to ​ (e)   and reproduce.

4. 4. The first two are also true for genetic drift.

• variation
• passed
• generation
• organism
• survive
• traits

Natural selection was central to the work of:

• Gregor Mendel

• Charles Darwin

Creationists and evolutionists disagree on how far natural selection can go.

• True

• False

Natural selection creates new genetic information; it can only remove genetic information from a population.

• true

• false

Match the following

• natural selection

• An inherited trait that helps an animal survive to reproduce.

• artificial selection

• The process through which organisms with certain adaptations survive to pass on their traits to a greater number of offspring than other organisms do.

• adaptation

• When people breed animals and plants for specific traits, they are participating in ____.

Match the following

• incomplete dominance

• There is a population of rabbits with brown fur and white fur, white fur being the dominant allele. Eventually only the brown population remains with all of the white ones eliminated.

• codominance

• When a red camellia is crossed with white flowers, the resulting offspring are multicolored.

• genetic drift

• When a red snapdragon is crossed with a white snapdragon, the offspring are blended and are pink.

This scientist argued that it was the means by which all creatures descended from an original common ancestor.

• Gregor Mendel

• Charles Darwin

This scientist experimented with pea plants in the 1860s and is known as the father of heredity.

• Gregor Mendel

• Charles Darwin

These are the three principles of heredity:

1. 1. In a cross of purebred parents, all offspring with show the ​ (a)   trait.

2. 2. For any one character, the ​ (b)   alleles for a parent's gene separate and then ​ (c)   with the other parent's alleles to determine the offspring's trait.

3. 3. A parent ​ (d)   each allele to its offspring ​ (e)   of all other alleles.

• dominant
• two
• combine
• passes
• independently
• simple dominance

(a)   is a pattern of inheritance in which there are only two ​ (b)   and the ​ (c)   trait is ​ (d)   expressed in a ​ (e)   organism.

• Simple dominance
• Natural selection
• alleles
• genes
• dominant
• recessive
• always
• never
• hybrid
• pure bred