Memory Quiz

The three steps in memory information processing are:

• input, processing, output.
• encoding, storage, output.
• input, storage, retrieval.
• encoding, storage, retrieval.

The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:

• encoding.
• retrieval.
• rehearsal.
• storage.

Which of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?

• suddenly remembering to buy bread while standing in the checkout line at the grocery store
• recalling the name of someone from high school while looking at his or her yearbook snapshot
• remembering to make an important phone call
• remembering what you were doing on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed planes into the World Trade Center towers

Knowledge of language, including its rules, words, and meanings, is called

• iconic memory.
• working memory.
• episodic memory.
• semantic memory.

Someone is playing a song on a piano that you have heard before. You are able to identify this song as one you have heard because of which process?

• Recall
• Recognition
• Reconstruction
• Retribution

Information is maintained in short-term memory only briefly unless it is:

• encoded.
• rehearsed.
• iconic or echoic.
• retrieved.

Memory techniques such as the method of loci, acronyms, and the peg-word system are called:

• consolidation devices.
• imagery techniques.
• encoding strategies.
• mnemonic devices.

One way to increase the amount of information in memory is to group it into larger, familiar units. This process is referred to as:

• consolidating.
• organization.
• encoding.
• chunking

It is easier to recall information that has just been presented when the information:

• consists of random letters rather than words.
• is seen rather than heard.
• is heard rather than seen.
• is experienced in an unusual context.

The misinformation effect provides evidence that memory:

• is constructed during encoding.
• is unchanging once established.
• may be reconstructed during recall according to how questions are framed.
• is highly resistant to misleading information.