Forces That Shape the Earth

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called ____.

• shearing

• tension

• compression

• deformation

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called ____.

• an aftershock

• friction

• liquefaction

• stress

In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part is called the ____.

• hanging wall

• reverse fault

• footwall

• anticline

Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?

• shearing

• tension

• compression

• deformation

A ____ is a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.

• syncline

• plateau

• canyon

• fault

The ____ is the point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake.

• syncline

• footwall

• epicenter

• focus

The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion are called

• S waves

• P waves

• Surface waves

• Mercalli waves

S waves are also known as ____.

• primary waves

• secondary waves

• surface waves

• focus waves

Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move ____.

• faster

• slower

• at the same rate

• farther from the epicenter

In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?

• away from the focus

• toward the focus

• from the surface to the interior

• through the mantle only