Ch. 9 Mutations & Gene Therapy Review

What is an example of a mutation in an allele?

• a base change in the gene coding sequence

• a base change in the gene's regulatory regions

• a deletion of a base within the gene

• an insertion of a base within the gene

• All of the choices provided are correct

How many copies of any particular gene does an individual human have?

• 1

• 2

• 4

• 23

• 46

A mutation is best described as an error in ​ (a)   . A mutation would most likely be inherited if it is located in a ​ (b)   cell. Mutations occur during DNA ​ (c)   .

• DNA
• sperm
• skin
• body
• liver
• mRNA
• tRNA
• replication
• transcription
• translation

A newly identified mutation in mice, called "darkened dorsal," causes a dark stripe along the mouse's back. This mutation is located at a specific location on chromosome 2. A different sequence at this same chromosomal position results in a fur color pattern called "nonagouti." Based on this information, darkened dorsal and nonagouti are different.

• genes for fur color.

• alleles for the same gene.

• mutations of the same chromosome

• chromatids

• All of the choices are correct

Gene mutations can arise when nucleotides are ____. Choose all that apply.

• a. added to the gene.

• b. taken away from the gene.

• c. changed within the gene.

• d. mismatched within the gene.

• a. and d. only

How many different alleles of a gene like BRCA1 can an individual have?

• Several hundred, since there are hundreds of known BRCA1 alleles

• Four: two from their father and two from their mother

• Only two: one from their father and one from their mother

• One for males and hundreds for females

• One for males and two for females

Why do they use viruses as vectors to transfer DNA into cells?

• because viruses are small

• because viruses kill the cells

• because viruses normally insert DNA into cells

• because viruses only infect plants

• because viruses do not contain DNA

What is the difference between gene therapy and gene editing?

• gene therapy fixes a single letter in a gene and gene editing insert a correct entire gene into an organism

• gene editing fixes a single letter in a gene and gene therapy insert a correct entire gene into an organism

• gene editing is used in plants and gene therapy is use on humans only

• no difference

Which of the following can cause mutations? Choose all that apply.

• UV rays

• Viruses

• Chemicals

• Free radicals

Match the following types of mutation.

• Inversion Mutation

• a nucleotide is added to or removed from a sequence that changes all the amino acid sequence after that addition/subtraction

• Silent Mutation

• a single letter in a sequence is changed that results in altering the amino acid sequence of the protein

• Frameshift Mutation

• a section of DNA breaks away from a chromosome during the reproductive process and then reattaches to the chromosome in reversed order

• Missense Mutation

• a single letter in a sequence is changed but does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein

• Nonsense Mutation

• a single letter in a sequence is changed that results in changing the codon into a STOP codon and terminates the protein