'Malthusian Trap' in Modern Society and China's Solution

In ancient societies, the primary focus of survival needs was on food, clothing, shelter, and transportation, with ______ being the most important industry. ______ provided people with the necessary living essentials and served as the foundation for employment throughout society.

古代社会（农业社会）的生存需求主要集中在衣食住行上，其中____是最重要的产业。____提供了人们所需的生活物资，并成为全社会就业的基石。

• agriculture 农业

• manufacture 制造业

• service industry 服务业

• handicraft 手工业

• cottage industry 家庭手工业

In modern society, ______ has become the dominant economic force， and it has replaced agriculture as the foundation of employment throughout society.

• cottage craft

• manufacture

• agriculture

• service

• handicraft

The growth of industrial or manufacturing capacity is _____ and easy to expand. 工业或者制造业的产能增长呈“___型”增长，容易扩张。

• linear

• steady

• exponential

• proactive

Today's world has achieved globalisation, forming a unified global market. However, this market is not actually large and its growth is "_____," which is not easy to expand.如今的世界已经实现了全球化，形成了一个统一的全球市场。不过这个市场实际上并不算大，并且增长是“____”的，并不容易扩张。

• linear

• expotential

• proactive

• steady

 the domestic market is unlikely to grow rapidly in the short term. Lowering prices will only trigger price wars among domestic businesses, reducing profits from production to retail, leading to reduced wages for everyone. Reduced wages will further reduce consumer demand, causing the domestic market to shrink, deepening the vicious cycle of price war 国内市场不太可能在短时间内迅速增长。降低价格只会引发国内商家之间的价格战，从工厂到商场的各个环节都会减少利润，这将导致每个人的工资收入减少。而工资收入的减少又会进一步减少消费需求，从而导致国内市场的萎缩，进一步加深价格战的恶性循环

• yes, true

• no, false

• no idea

• who cares

"international markets" as a limited resource means that if country A occupies more market share, country B's share will decrease. Countries with less market share cannot sell their industrial products, leading to weak domestic demand and ultimately to responding by lowering prices.“国际市场”作为一种有限的资源，A国多占据一些市场份额就意味着B国的份额减少。市场份额较少的国家无法将工业产品卖出去，这样就导致国内市场需求不旺，最终只能通过降低价格来应对。

• yes, true

• no, false

• who cares

• no idea

In the face of the real world, where the demand for international market growth cannot keep up with the pressure of the manufacturing industry's supply capacity index growth, developed countries in Europe and USA mainly use what strategies to maintain their status: ______面对现实世界里，国际市场增长的需求赶不上制造业供应能力指数增长的压力，欧美先发国家采取最主要策略是：______

• A.restricting the sale of products from developing countries in the market

• B.using their own currency as a global currency.

• C. great investment in researching & developing new technology

• D. encourage fair & equal competition, limit monoploy

To maintain their advantage in market share, developped countries use their self-formulated "international" rules to limit the participation of products from developing countries in the market.

• yes, true

• no, false

• who cares

• no idea

Why is Europe and the US not worried about inflation? Why are they not worried about their currency becoming Zimbabwean dollars? Because the US dollar and the Euro are international currencies, these currencies will flow to foreign countries and will not pile up domestically, so the probability of inflation is relatively low.为什么欧美并不担心通货膨胀？不担心自己的货币变成京巴布韦币？因为美元欧元是国际通用货币，这些货币会流通到国外，不在国内堆积，通货膨胀的概率比较低。

• yes, true

• no, false

• who cares

• no idea

Although the financial crisis originated in the United States, it ultimately inflicted the greatest damage on the European Union. The financial crisis on Wall Street evolved into the European debt crisis. 尽管金融危机起源于美国，但最终给欧盟带来了最大伤害。华尔街的金融危机演变成了欧债危机。The main reasons why China did not fall into the crisis were, firstly, its strong manufacturing industry and cautious approach towards the financial sector.中国没有陷入危机的主要原因，首先是因为中国强大的制造业和对金融业的谨慎开放态度。

• yes, true

• no, false

• who cares

• no idea