Thinking Review 2023

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates:

• functional fixedness.
• the availability heuristic.
• the representative heuristic.
• belief perseverance.

If you were having trouble learning all this new information for this test because your head was too full of old material that you couldn't forget, this would be?

• proactive interference
• retroactive interference
• retrograde amnesia
• anterograde amnesia

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:

• framing
• confirmation bias.
• belief bias.
• anchoring bias

If Juan tried to learn a long list of words, he would be most likely to forget words that

• appeared in the middle of the list
• were randomly dispersed throughout the list
• were very unlike the rest of the words
• appeared near the end of the list

Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?

• representative heuristic
• confirmation bias
• insight
• availability heuristic

Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.

• Sensory Memory
• Working Memory
• Long-Term Memory
• Short-Term Memory

Keeping encoded memories

• Rehearsal
• Encoding
• Storage
• Retrieval

Marcy is lost. She finds a police officer to ask for directions because she believes he will be helpful. Which method of problem solving did Abby most likely use?

• The representative heuristic
• An algorithm
• Divergent thinking
• The availability heuristic

Those with high creative intelligence a great at using this type of thinking

• divergent thinking
• convergent thinking
• inductive reasoning
• deductive reasoning

The average person can hold in short-term memory a list of

• seven items
• nine items
• twelve items
• twenty items