Organelle Structure and Function Quiz

Sort the following organelles into categories based on if they are found in animal cells, plant cells, or both.

Groups:

(a) Animal Cell

,

(b) Plant Cell

,

(c) Both

• Cell Membrane

• Multiple Smaller Vacuoles

• Mitochondria

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Lysosomes

• Nucleus

• Cell Wall

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Large Central Vacuole

• Ribosomes

• Centrosomes

• Golgi Apparatus

• Cytoplasm

• Chloroplasts

Answer explanation

The only organelles found exclusively in animal cells are centrosomes and lysosomes. Chloroplasts and cell walls are found exclusively in plant cells. Vacuoles differ in their size and function in plant and animal cells, so they are categorized separately. Animal cells contain smaller vacuoles such as secretary vacuoles for transport and plant cells store water in large central vacuoles. All other listed organelles will be present in both cell types.

Label the attached cell diagram with the following label options. Consider if this cell is an animal or plant cell. Ignore # 9 (Microtubules). Your labels will overlap.

a

b

h

d

e

c

i

j

f

g

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Centrosome (Centrioles)

Lysosome

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Cytoplasm

Golgi Apparatus

Cell Membrane

Match the organelle with its structure and function in the cell.

• Involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Controls the activities of the cell and

• Mitochondria

• Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport

• Golgi Aparatus
• Produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration

• Nucleus

• Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

• Cell Membrane

The rough ER is different from the smooth ER due to the presence of _________.

Answer explanation

The rough ER is different from the smooth ER due to the presence of ribosomes. The rough ER contains ribosomes attached to its surface, which are responsible for protein synthesis. This distinguishes it from the smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes. The presence of ribosomes on the rough ER allows it to produce proteins that are then transported to other parts of the cell or secreted outside the cell. This specialized function of the rough ER sets it apart from the smooth ER.

This organelle is composed of two centrioles.

• Mitochondria

• Centrosome

• Golgi apparatus

• Nucleus

Answer explanation

The centrosome is an organelle composed of two centrioles. It is responsible for organizing microtubules during cell division. This organelle plays a crucial role in the formation of the mitotic spindle, which helps separate chromosomes during cell division. The centrosome is not the same as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, or the nucleus. It is specifically composed of centrioles and has a distinct function in the cell.

The (a)   is only present in (b)   . It is (c)   and provides (d)   to the cell.

• cell wall
• plant cells
• structure and support
• permeable
• animal cells

• cell membrane

• semi-permeable

• energy

Answer explanation

The question asks about the organelle that is only present in one specific cell and provides something to the cell. The correct answer is the cell wall, which is permeable and provides structure and support to the cell. All other answers are incorrect as structure and support and cell wall are the only function and organelle that align together.

What is the structure and function of lysosomes? In which type of cell are they present?

• Lysosomes are organelles that store energy. They function to produce ATP and are present in plant cells.

• Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain genetic material. They function to replicate DNA and are present in prokaryotic cells.

• Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They function to break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances. Lysosomes are present in animal cells.

• Lysosomes are vesicles that transport proteins. They function to synthesize proteins and are present in fungal cells.

Answer explanation

The question asks about the structure and function of lysosomes and in which type of cell they are present. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They function to break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances. This correct choice highlights the role of lysosomes in cellular digestion and their presence in animal cells.

The (a)   can be found in (b)   . This organelle (c)   . Like other organelles, it is found in the (d)   of the cell.

• vacuole
• animal and plant cells
• stores nutrients, water, or waste
• cytoplasm
• lysosome

• endoplasmic reticulum

• animal cells

• plant cells

• nucleus

• is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

Answer explanation

The question asks about a specific organelle and where organelles are located in the cell. This organelle is called the vacuole and it is responsible for storing nutrients, water, or waste. It is located in the cytoplasm of the cell. The vacuole is not the site of protein synthesis in the cell, which is an incorrect choice.

Draw either an animal cell OR a plant cell. Draw and label at least 8 organelles. Try to include as many organelles as possible with as much detail as possible! (I recommend using the thinnest line option and using arrows to include your organelle labels on the outside of the cell.)

Answer explanation

This question will be graded by your instructor.

Choose one of the following organelles and describe its structure and function in detail. How is it structured? Which cells is it present in? What important cell function takes place inside of it? What is the role of this function? What are the reactants for this process? What are the products for this process? Your response must be AT LEAST 6 sentences.

Chloroplast OR Mitochondria

Answer explanation

This question will be graded by your instructor.