Intelligence in Cuttlefish and Self-Control

What is one unique characteristic of cuttlefish?

• They have three hearts

• They have a beak like a parrot

• They can change texture and color within the blink of an eye

• They have little muscles that can extend to make their skin look bumpy

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What is the Stanford Marshmallow Experiment?

• An experiment involving cuttlefish and their ability to delay gratification

• An experiment involving preschool-age kids and their ability to delay gratification

• An experiment involving primates and their ability to delay gratification

• An experiment involving animals and their ability to resist temptation

What is delayed gratification?

• The ability to resist the temptation of an immediate pleasure in the service of a long term, more valuable reward

• The ability to distract oneself away from a tempting object

• The ability to share food with someone else

• The ability to delay personal immediate gratification by looking away

What is the social intelligence hypothesis?

• The hypothesis that more complex cognition evolves in response to social pressures

• The hypothesis that animals need to constantly outwit others or cooperate with others in order to be successful

• The hypothesis that self-control is only observed in social species

• The hypothesis that animals evolve more complex cognition because of the difficulties of finding food in their natural environments

What did the researchers adapt the marshmallow test for?

• Testing self-control in cuttlefish

• Testing self-control in primates

• Testing self-control in social species

• Testing self-control in children

What did the researchers use to communicate the rules of the experiment to the cuttlefish?

• Underwater chambers

• Visual shapes

• Verbal instructions

• Written instructions

What did the researchers find in the experiment with primates?

• Chimpanzees were willing to wait about two minutes to get four extra grapes

• Primates were willing to wait about two minutes to get four extra grapes

• Chimpanzees were willing to wait about two minutes to get two extra grapes

• Primates were willing to wait about two minutes to get two extra grapes

What did the researchers find in the experiment with cuttlefish?

• Cuttlefish were willing to wait for a preferred prey item over a less preferred prey item

• Cuttlefish were not willing to wait for a preferred prey item over a less preferred prey item

• Cuttlefish were willing to wait for a less preferred prey item over a preferred prey item

• Cuttlefish were not willing to wait for a less preferred prey item over a preferred prey item

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

What is one possible reason why cuttlefish may have developed self-control?

• To optimize their predatory excursions and limit exposure to predators

• To share food with other cuttlefish

• To outwit other cuttlefish

• To cooperate with other cuttlefish

What does the ability to delay gratification suggest about an animal's intelligence?

• It suggests that the animal has advanced self-control

• It suggests that the animal is social

• It suggests that the animal is long-lived

• It suggests that the animal is a visual predator