Ch. 4 Life Science Test

that it was relatively easy to cross different pea plants in order to observe the resulting offspring.

that their characters, like pod color and height, were easy to observe.

that the characters Mendel studied had at least two identifiable traits.

that many characters such as pod color and seed shape were controlled by a dozen or more interacting genes.

purebred

purebred peas

hybrid peas

hybrids

inflated pods

pinched pods

pod shape

In a cross of purebred parents, all offspring will show the dominant trait.

In a cross of hybrid parents, all offspring will also be hybrid.

Two alleles for a parent's gene separate and then each combines with an allele from the other parent to determine the offspring's trait.

Each allele is passed to the offspring independently of the other alleles.

uppercase

lowercase

Greek

underlined

Bb

black fur

a pea plant

a Punnett square

all It

all tt

some Tt and some tt

some TT, some Tt, and some tt

to all be DD.

to all be Dd.

to be either DD or Dd.

to be either DD, Dd, or dd.

pink snapdragon flower color

crossing a tall plant and a short plant to produce a medium plant

crossing a pea plant with round seeds and a pea plant with wrinkled seeds to produce a pea plant with round seeds

crossing a white horse and a black horse to produce a horse with both black hairs and white hairs

Depending on the interaction of two genes, Labrador retrievers can be black, brown, or yellow.

The gene that controls fur color in rabbits has four different alleles.

Human eye color is controlled by up to sixteen different genes.

A red bull crossed with a white cow produces a roan calf.