Sociology Test

Which of the following is true concerning causation?

• Causation always exists if two variables are correlated.

• Most events have a single cause.

• Most events have multiple causes.

• The concept of causation states that events occur in unpredictable, random ways.

The theory that society benefits when each individual finds his or her own social-class level without outside interference is called

• group conformity.

• class conflict.

• group imagination.

• Social Darwinism.

What is one way that sociology and history differ?

• Sociologists use a wider range of research methods.

• Only historians use historical documents and oral histories.

• Historians focus mainly on observation and interviews.

• Only sociologists interpret the evidence they gather.

Some people think that shopping over the Internet can lead to social isolation because people go to stores less frequently. This is a function of Internet shopping.

• latent

• dynamic

• static

• manifest

How do sociobiologists view human behavior?

• They differentiate human behavior from the behavior of animals.

• They assume that behavior is biologically based and transmitted genetically.

• They claim that human behavior is mostly shaped by environmental factors.

• They argue that human behavior is based on observations of animal behavior.

Assume that a researcher has determined that the more hours a student works at a job, the lower his grades in school will be. This is an example of a

• false hypothesis.

• positive correlation.

• negative correlation.

• secondary analysis.

What is one advantage of language for humans?

• It helps humans develop drives and reflexes.

• It frees humans from the limits of time and place.

• It separates humans into distinct social groups.

• It alters the genetic characteristics of humans.

Pulling away upon touching a hot stove is an example of which of the following?

• cultural belief

• drive

• reflex

• norm

When an athlete holds a clenched fist over her head after scoring a point, she is using a

• function.

• symbol.

• verstehen.

• rationalization.

How does material culture differ from nonmaterial culture?

• Only material culture gives meaning to physical objects.

• Material culture consists of objects rather than beliefs and ideas.

• Nonmaterial culture has no relationship with physical objects.

• Material culture involves ideas, concepts and beliefs.