A typical bag of fertilizer contains high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with trace amounts of magnesium and calcium. Which of the following best matches the fertilizer component with the molecule it will be incorporated by organisms in the area?

Nitrogen will be incorporated into nucleic acids

Phosphorus will be incorporated into amino acids

Potassium will be incorporated into lipids

Magnesium will be incorporated into carbohydrates

Researchers compared similar proteins from related organisms in different habitats. They found that the protein from organisms living in harsh environments had a greater number of cysteine amino acids than did proteins from organisms not living in harsh environments. The structure of cysteine is shown. Bonds can form between the sulfur atoms of different cysteine amino acids (S-S). Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine amino acids on the stability of the proteins?

The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins.

The change has no effect on the stability of the protein because only one type of amino acid is involved.

The change leads to decreased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins.

The change leads to increased protein stability only when the added cysteine amino acids are next to other cysteine amino acids in the primary structure.

The figure represents a nucleic acid fragment that is made up of four nucleotides linked together in a chain. Which of the following characteristics of the figure identifies the fragment as RNA and not DNA?

The identity of each nitrogenous base

The 5′ to 3′ orientation of the nucleotide chain

The charges on the phosphate groups

The type of bond linking the nucleotides together

A chemical binds to a protein composed of a single polypeptide chain and prevents the formation of an alpha helix that is typically formed in the absence of the chemical. Which of the following best describes the effect the chemical has on the structure of the protein?

The secondary structure held together by hydrogen bonds is affected.

The primary structure held together by covalent bonds is affected.

The secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures are affected.

All levels of protein structure are affected.

The molecular structures of linoleic acid and palmitic acid, two naturally occurring substances, are shown in the figure. Based on the molecular structures shown in the figure, which molecule is likely to be solid at room temperature?

Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely together.

Linoleic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely together.

Linoleic acid, because the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds prevents the molecules from packing closely together.

Palmitic acid, because the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds prevents the molecules from packing closely together.

Based on Figure 1, the amino acids in region A are most likely to have which of the following characteristics?

Most amino acids will be hydrophobic because they interact most favorably with the phospholipid tails.

Most amino acids will be hydrophilic because they interact most favorably with the phospholipid heads.

Most amino acids will be ionic amino acids because they interact most favorably with the phospholipid tails.

Most amino acids will be polar amino acids because they interact most favorably with the phospholipid heads.

Polypeptides are continuously being formed and degraded. One of these processes is shown.

It represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction.

It represents monomers linked by dehydration synthesis.

It represents a polypeptide chain that folds to form the tertiary structure.

It represents a polypeptide chain that is denatured into the primary structure.

The sequences for two short fragments of DNA are shown above. Which of the following is one way in which these two segments would differ?

Segment 1 would become denatured at a lower temperature than would segment 2 because A-T base pairs have two hydrogen bonds whereas G-C base pairs have three.

Segment 1 would not code for mRNA because both strands have T, a base not found in RNA.

Segment 1 would be more soluble in water than segment 2 because it has more phosphate groups.

Segment 1 must be from a prokaryote because it has predominantly A-T base pairs.

A mutation in the gene coding for a single-polypeptide enzyme results in the substitution of the amino acid serine, which has a polar R group, by the amino acid phenylalanine, which has a nonpolar R group. When researchers test the catalysis of the normal enzyme and the mutated enzyme, they find that the mutated enzyme has much lower activity than the normal enzyme does. Which of the following most likely explains how the amino acid substitution has resulted in decreased catalytic activity by the mutated enzyme?

The substitution altered the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme so that the mutated enzyme folds into a different shape than the normal enzyme does.

The substitution decreased the mass of the enzyme so that the mutated enzyme binds more weakly to the substrate than the normal enzyme does.

The substitution caused many copies of the mutated enzyme to cluster together and compete for substrate to bind.

The substitution caused the directionality of the enzyme to change such that the amino terminus of the normal enzyme has become the carboxy terminus of the mutated enzyme.

Macromolecules for AP Bio

Authored by Stacey Pawson

Biology

12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 39+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Categorize this molecule:

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic acid

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Categorize this molecule:

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic acid

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Categorize this molecule:

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic acid

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Categorize this molecule:

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic acid

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Categorize this molecule:

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic acid

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Categorize this molecule:

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic acid

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Categorize this molecule:

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic acid

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

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