PSYCH240 Fall 23 Exam 2 Review

You think you came up of an idea when really your friend mentioned it first. This is due to:

• Change Blindness

• Suggestibility

• Source Misattribution

• Absentmindedness

Answer explanation

Misattributing the source of information (issues with source monitoring)

Participants in the Galileo study falsely recognize new sentences that had the same:

• grammatical structure as the old one

• word-order as the old one

• semantic gists as the old one

• vocabulary used as the old one

Answer explanation

demonstrates semantic encoding in LTM

To improve learning and memory, one should:

• devote the most time to re-reading materials

• sleep after studying

• plan for long study sessions without breaks

• all of these

Answer explanation

sleep can help with consolidation

​​ ____ is better at helping transfer information from STM to LTM

• Elaborative rehearsal
• Maintenance rehearsal
• Both are equally effective

• Neither is effective

Answer explanation

Maintenance rehearsal—simply repeating the information (somewhat effective)

Elaborative rehearsal--using meanings and generating connections to target information

What's the traditional view of the relationship between attention and stimulus awareness?

• Attention is necessary but not sufficient for S.A

• Attention is necessary and sufficient for S.A

• Attention is neither necessary nor sufficient for S.A

Which of the following is evidence against the traditional view of attention/stimulus awareness?

• That awareness can occur without attention (Koch)

• That attention can occur without awareness (Kentridge)

• None of these

Answer explanation

Kentridge: evidence for standard view (suggests attention is not sufficient for consciousness)

Koch: "no tunnel vision" -- perhaps consciousness can occur without attention

Which of these suggests that we need (necessary!) attention for awareness?

• Change blindness studies

• Blindsight studies

• Classical conditioning studies

• Neglect studies

Answer explanation

Inattentional & Change blindness: selective attention needed for awareness

Blindsight: attention is possible unconsciously (not sufficient)

Neglect: attentional issue, also unconscious

What is the word length effect?

• Longer words take up more space in WM

• Longer words are more easily retrieved

• Longer words are harder to pronounce

• Longer words are too difficult to use in experiments

Articulatory suppression works by preventing rehearsal in the phonological loop

• TRUE

• FALSE

Which of the following is NOT part of Atkinson & Shiffrin's "modal" model of memory?

• Short term memory

• Episodic memory

• Sensory memory

• Long term memory