Crusades

What were the Crusades?

• A series of military expeditions from Europe to the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean

• A religious war between Europe and Islam

• An early example of European colonization of the Middle East

• A pilgrimage to holy shrines

Why did the Crusades start?

• To protect Christians and their pilgrimages from the Seljuk Turks

• To establish European kingdoms in the Holy Land

• To unite Europe against a common enemy

• To spread Christianity to the Islamic world

Who called for the first official crusade?

• Pope Urban II

• Saladin

• Richard the Lionheart

• Frederick Barbarossa

What was the main goal of the Crusades?

• To liberate Jerusalem

• To conquer Egypt

• To establish European colonies in the Middle East

• To convert Muslims to Christianity

Which city did the Crusaders successfully capture during the First Crusade?

• Jerusalem

• Antioch

• Damascus

• Zara

Who was the famous Islamic general during the Third Crusade?

• Saladin

• Alexius III

• Philip II

• Godfrey of Bouillon

What happened during the Fourth Crusade?

• The Crusaders sacked Constantinople

• The Crusaders successfully captured Jerusalem

• The Crusaders formed alliances with the Seljuk Turks

• The Crusaders failed to take Zara

What was the long-term outcome of the Crusades?

• The Holy Land remained under Muslim control

• Europe gained access to the intellectual accomplishments of the Islamic world

• The Byzantine Empire was strengthened

• The Crusades led to the colonization of the Middle East