The Enlightenment

Who among the following Enlightenment thinkers emphasized the idea of separation of powers?

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

What impact did the Enlightenment have on democracy?

• It had no impact on democracy.

• It inspired the ideas that shaped democratic systems.

• It rejected the concept of democracy.

• It promoted the rule of absolute monarchs.

Which Enlightenment thinker stood for freedom of speech and religious tolerance?

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

What impact did the Enlightenment have on the approach to understanding the world?

• It rejected reason and promoted superstition.

• It emphasized the importance of faith in understanding the world.

• It fostered a scientific approach through reason and logic.

• It discouraged the use of reason and critical thinking.

Rights and freedoms for everyone.

• Social Contract

• Censorship

• Freedom Of Speech

• Human Rights

Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

• The factory system was used to mass-produce goods.
• Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.
• Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.
• The Columbian exchange occurred.

Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation of powers would

• prevent tyranny by acting as a check on power
•  restore authority to the Roman Catholic Church
• increase corruption of political authority
• decrease the power of the middle class

Which statement represents a key idea directly associated with John Locke's Two Treatises of Government?

• Freedom of speech should be denied.
• The king's power on Earth comes from God.
• All people are born with the right to life, liberty, and property.
• Individuals acting in their own self-interest will achieve economic success.

Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies
.... Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor ....
-Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws

In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to

• an enlightened despotism
• a policy of mercantilism
• a separation of powers
• a social contract

Base your answers to the question on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Speaker A: I do not agree with what you have to say,but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it.
Speaker B: Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.
Speaker C: Man is born free, and everywhere he is in shackles.
Which historical figure expressed ideas that are most similar to those of Speaker B?

• Thomas Malthus
• John Locke
• Peter the Great
• Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet