Unit 05.1 Vocab Quiz

The structure of the DNA molecule is a _____________________, which is composed of two _____________________, or threads of nucleotides connected by bonded sugars and phosphate groups.

• single helix, strands
• double helix, strands
• peptide, amino acids
• amino acid, peptides

Protein synthesis occurs in two stages. The first step, _____________________, is the process of copying DNA into mRNA. The second step, _____________________, is the process of using mRNA to synthesize proteins.

• transcription, translation
• translation, transcription
• replication, translation
• replication, transcription

Two nitrogen bases that pair together in a DNA molecule, or in copying DNA to an RNA molecule following base-pair rules.

• Peptide
• Double helix
• Sequence
• Complementary bases

Ribonucleic acid; a single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose, including mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

• Peptide
• RNA
• Amino acid
• DNA

A group of 20 chemicals that are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins.

• Amino acids
• Nucleotide
• RNA
• Monosaccharides

Cellular process used to make proteins, which includes transcription and translation.

• Central dogma
• Replication
• Protein synthesis
• Mitosis

True or False: The theory known as the Central Dogma that states genetic information flows in one direction (DNA --> RNA --> Protein).

• True
• False

A sequence of three nitrogen bases in DNA or mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

• Strand
• Peptide
• Protein
• Codon

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.

• Gene
• Codon
• Strand
• Sugar-phosphate backbone

A short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; combine to form polypeptides and proteins.

• Strand
• Codon
• RNA
• Peptide