Exam 3 Review

death of muscle fibers due to extreme exercise intensity where cellular components are released into the bloodstream; can damage the kidneys which are responsible for filtering blood

• myasthenia gravis

• myositis

• spasms

• rhabdomyolysis

an autoimmune disease that attacks and weakens skeletal muscles; symptoms: weakness in arm and leg muscles, double vision and difficulties with speech and chewing

• myasthenia gravis

• myositis

• atrophy

• rhabdomyolysis

• the decline in effectiveness of a muscle due to underuse or neglect; can occur after injury or due to aging, immobility, malnutrition, medications or diseases; leads to muscle weakness

• myositis

• atrophy

• myasthenia gravis

• rhabdomyolysis

• flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder joint

• pectoralis major

• gluteus maximus

• adductor longus

• gastrocnemius

adduction, flexion and medial rotation at hip

• gastrocnemius

• gluteus maximus

• pectoralis major

• adductor longus

• plantar flexion at ankle; inversion and adduction of foot; flexion at knee

• gastrocnemius

• pectoralis major

• adductor longus

• gluteus maximus

• slow-twitch, most resistant to fatigue due to a high capacity for aerobic energy supply (ATP), contain many more mitochondria than faster twitch fibers, highly vascular to allow for blood flow and a steady oxygen supply for cellular respiration

• type I

• type IIa

• type IIb

• fast-twitch glycolytic, fastest twitch, least resistant to fatigue, fewest mitochondria, rely primarily on glycolysis to produce ATP, least vascular because little oxygen is required (gives tissue a white appearance), produce fast movement but cannot be sustained for long

• type IIb

• type I

• type IIa

• muscles directly involved in a movement

• Antagonists

• Agonists

• ability to receive/respond to stimuli 

• Contractility

• Extensibility

• Elasticity

• Excitability