A highly simplified language developed between linguistically heterogeneous groups for the purpose of basic inter-group communication is known as which of the following?

• Creole

• Pidgin

• Lingua-franca

• Bilingualism

• Standard dialect

The Gullah language spoken by African-Americans in S. Carolina and Georgia is a combination of English and African dialects. Gullah can be considered a

• Creolized language

• Lingua franca

• Language family

• Branch of the Niger-Congo family

Which statement best describes the most common reason groups wish to preserve their traditional languages.

• Language is used to religious services, so preserving a language is primarily a religious obligation.

• Language is central to cultural identity, so preserving a language helps preserve a culture

• Language is used for trade, so preserving language is one way to keep a group economically prosperous

• Language preservation passes on a group’s history, so preserving a language is the only way to record history accurately.

When two people who speak different languages use English to conduct business, we can consider English a(n)

• Assimilated language

• Lingua Franca

• Pidgin Language

• Creole Language

Which of the following is not a reason some languages go extinct?

• Globalization causes people to leave behind their indigenous language for another

• People are pressured to give up their native language

• The language is related to one or two other languages

• Genocide or death of all the speakers of a language

• The language is not being taught to the younger generation

Which of the following is the best definition of "language"?

• a set of neural patterns that match one's physical, spiritual, and social environments

• an informal collection of non-arbitrary signs that correspond to a person's environment

• the words and phrases recognized by a government that corresponds to a group of people

• a collection of sounds or symbols understood by a group of people to have the same meaning

What is rapidly becoming the lingua franca of East Africa in countries like Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda?

• Chinese

• French

• Swahili

• Arabic

• Bambara

5 million people in Ghana speak a simplified form of English as their native language. It has simplified grammar and limited vocabulary. This is known as a __________ language.

• pidgin

• creole

• dialect

• lingua franca

Coptic was once spoken widely in Egypt. It has been replaced by Arabic through expansion and hierarchical diffusion. Coptic is an example of ______________.

• an endangered language

• a lingua franca

• a moribund language

• an extinct language

(Unit 3) What may occur when two or more languages converge?

• A creole language developes and becomes a pidgin

• A pidgin language develops and may become a creole language

• Sound shifts create a new vocabulary

• The original language becomes extinct